Table 1.
Demographic variables in perinatal women before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
| Variable | Early pregnancy |
Late pregnancy |
Postpartum period |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group | Prepandemic,n (%) | Pandemic,n (%) | Prepandemic,n (%) | Pandemic, n (%) | Prepandemic,n (%) | Pandemic,n (%) | |
| Group total | 280 | 136 | 263 | 110 | 285 | 85 | |
| Total | 416 | 373 | 370 | ||||
| Prepregnancy BMI | Normal | 187 (66.5) | 95 (69.9) | 183 (69.6) | 76 (69.1) | 205 (71.9) | 61 (71.8) |
| Overweight | 60 (21.8) | 29 (21.3) | 46 (17.5) | 23 (20.9) | 51 (17.9) | 16 (18.8) | |
| Obese | 31 (11) | 12 (8.8) | 31 (11.8) | 10 (9.1) | 28 (9.8) | 8 (9.4) | |
| Missing Mean±SD |
2 (0.7) 23.9±4.7 |
0 (0) 23.8±5.0 |
3 (1.1) 23.8±4.7 |
1 (0.9) 23.8±4.6 |
1 (0.4) 23.7±4.2 |
0 (0) 23.9±5.0 |
|
| Ethnicity | White | 162 (58) | 71 (52.2) | 153 (58.2) | 57 (51.8) | 166 (58.2) | 49 (57.6) |
| Non-White | 118 (42) | 65 (47.8) | 106 (40.3) | 50 (45.5) | 113 (39.6) | 33 (38.8) | |
| Missing | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 4 (1.5) | 3 (2.7) | 6 (2.1) | 3 (3.5) | |
| Income | <$100,000 | 103 (37.0) | 40 (29.4) | 85 (32.3) | 35 (31.8) | 107 (37.5) | 34 (40.0) |
| $100,000–$149,999 | 52 (18.5) | 36 (26.5) | 65 (24.7) | 28 (25.5) | 63 (22.1) | 13 (15.3) | |
| ≥$150,000 | 107 (38.1) | 56 (41.2) | 96 (36.5) | 41 (37.2) | 90 (31.6) | 32 (37.6) | |
| Missing | 18 (6.4) | 4 (2.9) | 17 (6.5) | 6 (5.5) | 25 (8.8) | 6 (7.1) | |
| Parity | Primiparous | 162 (58.0) | 93 (68.4) | 146 (55.5) | 75 (68.2) | 165 (57.9) | 65 (76.5) |
| Multiparous | 117 (41.6) | 43 (31.6) | 116 (44.1) | 35 (31.8) | 120 (42.1) | 19 (22.4) | |
| Missing | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1.1) | |
| Education | Bachelor's degree | 114 (40.9) | 63 (46.3) | 109 (41.4) | 52 (47.3) | 108 (37.9) | 42 (49.4) |
| Graduate degree | 122 (43.4) | 58 (42.6) | 118 (44.9) | 42 (38.2) | 140 (49.1) | 29 (34.1) | |
| Other | 42 (15.0) | 13 (9.6) | 32 (12.2) | 11 (10.0) | 31 (10.9) | 11 (13.0) | |
| Missing | 2 (0.7) | 2 (1.5) | 4 (1.5) | 5 (4.5) | 6 (2.1) | 3 (3.5) | |
| Age (y) | Mean age±SEM | 34.5±0.24 | 33.6±0.35 | 34.6±0.24 | 34.1±0.35 | 33.9±0.22 | 34.6±0.45 |
| Maximum–minimum | 45–22 | 44–25 | 45–24 | 44–26 | 45–21 | 44–25 | |
| Missing | 3 | 1 | 5 | 4 | 4 | 3 | |
BMI, body mass index; SEM, standard error of the mean; SD, standard deviation.
Zhang. Impact of COVID-19 on perinatal maternal depression and anxiety. Am J Obstet Gynecol MFM 2022.