Table 1.
Characteristics of the study sample
| Phenotype | Males (N = 889) | Females (N = 771) | P-value for difference* |
|---|---|---|---|
| Mean ± SD | Mean ± SD | ||
| Age (years) | 9.07 ± 3.74 | 9.12 ± 3.91 | 0.82 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 20.83 ± 5.59 | 20.59 ± 5.47 | 0.37 |
| BMI SDS | 0.47 ± 1.52 | 0.47 ± 1.41 | 0.97 |
| FG (mmol/l) | 4.58 ± 0.48 | 4.47 ± 0.50 | 2.27 × 10−5 |
| FI (pmol/l) | 54.91 ± 45.23 | 62.51 ± 49.62 | 0.0012 |
| HOMA-B | 108.28 ± 55.93 | 123.87 ± 60.88 | 7.74 × 10−8 |
| HOMA-IR | 0.99 ± 0.80 | 1.13 ± 0.88 | 0.0013 |
BMI, body mass index; FG, fasting glucose; FI, fasting insulin; SDS, standard deviation score; T2D, type 2 diabetes.
*Difference between the mean values in male and female participants calculated by t-test.