Table 2.
Association between the FG/FI/T2D genetic risk scores and unadjusted FG, FI, HOMA-B, HOMA-IR and age- and gender-standardized BMI
| Model | FG (mmol/l) | ln(FI (pmol/l)) | ln(HOMA-B) | ln(HOMA-IR) | BMI SDS | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| β (95% CI) | P-value | β (95% CI) | P-value | β (95% CI) | P-value | β (95% CI) | P-value | β (95% CI) | P-value | |
| Weighted GRS, adjusted | ||||||||||
| GRS_FG | 0.075 (0.053, 0.097) | 1.58 × 10 −11 | −0.011 (−0.038, 0.016) | 0.43 | −0.041 (−0.059, −0.024) | 5.13 × 10 −6 | −0.0049 (−0.017, 0.0072) | 0.43 | 0.034 (−0.033, 0.10) | 0.32 |
| GRS_FI | 0.0023 (−0.020, 0.024) | 0.84 | 0.020 (−0.0069, 0.046) | 0.15 | 0.012 (−0.0061, 0.030) | 0.20 | 0.0081 (−0.0040, 0.020) | 0.19 | 0.013 (−0.055, 0.080) | 0.71 |
| GRS_T2D | 0.0074 (−0.015, 0.029) | 0.51 | −0.025 (−0.052, 0.0016) | 0.066 | −0.020 (−0.038, −0.0019) | 0.030 | −0.0082 (−0.020, 0.0040) | 0.19 | −0.018 (−0.085, 0.050) | 0.61 |
| Weighted GRS, unadjusted | ||||||||||
| GRS_FG | 0.082 (0.059, 0.11) | 1.010 × 10 −11 | 0.013 (−0.025, 0.050) | 0.50 | −0.029 (−0.052, −0.0070) | 0.010 | 0.0052 (−0.011, 0.022) | 0.54 | 0.051 (−0.020, 0.12) | 0.16 |
| GRS_FI | 0.0016 (−0.022, 0.025) | 0.90 | 0.023 (−0.014, 0.060) | 0.23 | 0.014 (−0.0083, 0.037) | 0.22 | 0.0095 (−0.0072, 0.026) | 0.27 | 0.011 (−0.060, 0.082) | 0.76 |
| GRS_T2D | 0.0064 (−0.018, 0.030) | 0.60 | −0.026 (−0.063, 0.011) | 0.17 | −0.020 (−0.042, 0.0027) | 0.085 | −0.0086 (−0.025, 0.0081) | 0.31 | −0.017 (−0.087, 0.054) | 0.65 |
| Unweighted GRS, adjusted | ||||||||||
| GRS_FG | 0.045 (0.023, 0.067) | 5.31 × 10 −5 | −0.024 (−0.050, 0.0029) | 0.082 | −0.036 (−0.054, −0.018) | 7.15 × 10 −5 | −0.0089 (−0.021, 0.0032) | 0.15 | −0.020 (−0.088, 0.047) | 0.55 |
| GRS_FI | 0.0011 (−0.021, 0.023) | 0.92 | 0.016 (−0.011, 0.042) | 0.25 | 0.0097 (−0.0082, 0.028) | 0.29 | 0.0065 (−0.0056, 0.019) | 0.29 | 0.024 (−0.043, 0.092) | 0.48 |
| GRS_T2D | 0.018 (−0.0044, 0.040) | 0.12 | −0.013 (−0.040, 0.013) | 0.31 | −0.017 (−0.035, 0.0010) | 0.064 | −0.0029 (−0.015, 0.0093) | 0.65 | −0.0021 (−0.070, 0.066) | 0.95 |
| Unweighted GRS, unadjusted | ||||||||||
| GRS_FG | 0.048 (0.025, 0.072) | 6.83 × 10 −5 | −0.017 (−0.054, 0.020) | 0.37 | −0.033 (−0.056, −0.011) | 0.0036 | −0.0064 (−0.023, 0.010) | 0.45 | −0.0090 (−0.080, 0.062) | 0.80 |
| GRS_FI | 0.0022 (−0.022, 0.026) | 0.86 | 0.021 (−0.016, 0.059) | 0.26 | 0.013 (−0.0095, 0.035) | 0.26 | 0.0089 (−0.0078, 0.027) | 0.30 | 0.023 (−0.047, 0.094) | 0.52 |
| GRS_T2D | 0.017 (−0.0073, 0.040) | 0.17 | −0.011 (−0.049, 0.026) | 0.55 | −0.015 (−0.037, 0.0077) | 0.20 | −0.0019 (−0.019, 0.015) | 0.82 | 0.00036 (−0.070, 0.071) | 0.99 |
BMI, body mass index; FG, fasting glucose; FI, fasting insulin; GRS, genetic risk score; SDS, standard deviation score; T2D, type 2 diabetes. Model adjusted for age, sex and BMI SDS. BMI SDS adjustment not done when BMI SDS is the outcome of interest. BMI SDS adjustment not done when BMI SDS is the outcome of interest. Bold values denote statistical significance at the P < 1× 10−5.