Table 4.

Multivariable MR analyses for lipid traits on α-Klotho

Model	Exposure	Outcome	N SNPs	β	SE	P
Model 1	LDL-C	α-Klotho	309	−0.173	0.060	3.6 × 10−3
	HDL-C	α-Klotho	309	−0.069	0.043	0.106
	TG	α-Klotho	309	0.042	0.065	0.513
Model 2	Low-density lipoprotein	α-Klotho	365	0.070	0.236	0.766
	Triglyceride	α-Klotho	365	−0.227	0.216	0.295
	Apolipoprotein B	α-Klotho	365	0.114	0.056	0.041
Model 3	High-density lipoprotein	α-Klotho	459	−0.070	0.135	0.601
	Apolipoprotein A-I	α-Klotho	459	0.025	0.152	0.870

Model refers to the three multivariable MR models used to examine relationship between lipids and α-Klotho. The effect size (β) represents SD change in outcome per SD change in exposure.

N SNPs, the number of SNPs used in the genetic instrument for the exposure; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; TG, triglycerides; β, causal effect size of each lipid subtype on α-Klotho; SE respective standard error; P, respective p-value.