Table 1.
Basic characteristics and clinical data of study population
| Variables | Normal control (n = 252) | Three-vessel CAD patients* | P-value | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All patients (n = 252) | Low EFV level (< 118 mL, n = 125) | High EFV level (≥ 118 mL, n = 127) | |||
| EFV (mL) | 89 ± 32 | 120 ± 42 | 86 ± 21 | 154 ± 29 | < 0.001# |
| EFV/BSA (mL/m2) | 48 ± 19 | 65 ± 22 | 49 ± 12 | 82 ± 16 | < 0.001# |
| Epicardial FAI (HU) | − 84 ± 9 | − 81 ± 5 | − 78 ± 4 | − 84 ± 4 | < 0.001# |
| Cardiovascular risk factors | |||||
| Age (years) | 61 ± 8 | 61 ± 8 | 61 ± 9 | 62 ± 7 | 0.163 |
| Male sex, n (%) | 193 (77) | 193 (77) | 93 (74) | 100 (79) | 0.416 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 25 ± 3 | 25 ± 3 | 24 ± 3 | 26 ± 3 | < 0.001 |
| Smoking, n (%) | 37 (19) | 125 (50) | 60 (48) | 65 (51) | 0.614 |
| Hypertension, n (%) | 0 (0) | 179 (71) | 85 (68) | 94 (74) | 0.293 |
| Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 0 (0) | 45 (19) | 21 (17) | 24 (19) | 0.664 |
| Diabetes, n (%) | 0 (0) | 104 (41) | 48 (38) | 56 (44) | 0.359 |
| CAD family history, n (%) | 0 (0) | 29 (12) | 17 (14) | 12 (9) | 0.302 |
| LV functional parameters | |||||
| LV diameter (mm) | 48 ± 3.8 | 48 ± 4.3 | 48 ± 4.5 | 49 ± 4.0 | 0.023 |
| LVEF (%) | 61 ± 5.0 | 60 ± 6.0 | 60 ± 6.4 | 60 ± 5.6 | 0.911 |
| E/A | 1.6 ± 0.3 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 1.2 ± 0.4 | 1.3 ± 0.4 | 0.056 |
| Invasive coronary angiography | |||||
| CCC status, n (%) | NA | 78 (31) | 40 (32) | 38 (30) | 0.721 |
| SYNTAX score | NA | 29 (23, 36) | 30 (23, 36) | 29 (23, 35) | 0.793 |
CAD coronary artery disease, EFV epicardial fat volume, BSA body surface area, FAI fat attenuation index, BMI body mass index, LV left ventricular, EF ejection fraction, CCC coronary collateral circulation
*Patients were divided into two subgroups according to median EFV level (118 mL)
#P values refer to the comparison between three-vessel CAD patients and normal controls. The remaining P values refer to comparisons between the low and high EFV level subgroups of the CAD patients