FIG. 1.

Specialty vape shop incidence, as a function of socioeconomic status, across the conterminous United States, 2018. The figure depicts model estimates (points) for socioeconomic quintiles and confidence limits (95% confidence intervals; lines) from a negative binomial generalized linear mixed-effects model. We back-transformed the values presented here from the original log link function-estimated model coefficients. Post hoc comparisons using Dunnett's test with socioeconomic status Group 5 (highest socioeconomic status) as the comparator group indicate statistically significant differences, and fewer vape shops, compared with all other groups (α=0.05).