Table 3.

Glucose and Lipid Metabolism of Underweight, Normal-Weight, and Overweight Japanese Female Students Majoring in Nutrition Sciences

	Underweight	Normal weight	Overweight
	n = 42	n = 251	n = 14
OGTT	n = 22	n = 99	n = 8
Age (years)	20.5 ± 1.2	20.6 ± 1.2	20.7 ± 1
Fasting glucose (mg/dL)	83 ± 8	83 ± 7	88 ± 7	b,c
30-minute glucose (mg/dL)	122 ± 26	120 ± 22	120 ± 24
60-minute glucose (mg/dL)	98 ± 24	104 ± 34	103 ± 37
120-minute glucose (mg/dL)	94 ± 22	93 ± 23	90 ± 16
Fasting insulin (μU/mL)	5.8 ± 2.9	6.0 ± 3.3	9.9 ± 5.2	b,c
30-minute insulin (μU/mL)	50 ± 17	52 ± 34	68 ± 46
60-minute insulin (μU/mL)	42 ± 24	43 ± 25	67 ± 39	b
120-minute insulin (μU/mL)	39 ± 21	40 ± 25	44 ± 26
AUCg (mg/dL/2 hours)	202 ± 35	205 ± 43	205 ± 45
AUCi (μU/mL/2 hours)	77 ± 28	79 ± 38	108 ± 51
HbA1c (%)	5.2 ± 0.2	5.2 ± 0.2	5.2 ± 0.3
HOMA-IR	1.2 ± 0.7	1.2 ± 0.8	2.6 ± 1.9	b,c
HOMA-β	128 ± 118	123 ± 98	142 ± 71
Triglyceride (mg/dL)	66 ± 66	56 ± 25	74 ± 29
Cholesterol (mg/dL)	175 ± 26	183 ± 26	201 ± 48
HDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	74 ± 14	75 ± 13	75 ± 15
LDL cholesterol (mg/dL)	88 ± 22	97 ± 23	112 ± 40	c
Leptin (ng/mL)	5.8 ± 2.4	8.6 ± 3.6	15.3 ± 3.5	a,b,c
Adiponectin (mg/L)	12.8 ± 4.2	11.4 ± 4.1	9.1 ± 5.5	b
hsCRP (μg/dL)	21 ± 44	29 ± 72	46 ± 50
Blood hemoglobin (g/dL)	13.1 ± 1.0	13.0 ± 1.0	13.0 ± 1.3
Anemia (n, %)	4, 9.5	39, 15.6	3, 21.4

Mean ± standard deviation.

#: Same as in Table 1.

AUCg, area under the concentration curve of glucose; AUCi, area under the concentration curve of insulin; HbA1c, glycated hemoglobin; HDL, high-density lipoprotein; HOMA-IR, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance; HOMA-β, homeostasis model assessment of secretion; hsCRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; LDL, low-density lipoprotein; OGTT, oral glucose tolerance test.