Table 1.
Patient demographic and clinical characteristics.
| Group 1 Non-PPI (n = 618) | Group 2 PPI (n = 211) | p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| No. of C1/C2 | 308/310 | 46/165 | <.001 |
| No. of men/women | 361/257 | 102/109 | .011 |
| Follow-up period | 42.7 (25.6, 64.9) | 33.4 (20.6, 47.3) | <.001 |
| Demographics | |||
| Age (y) | 52.0 (42.0, 63.0) | 56.0 (45.0, 65.0) | .012 |
| BMI (kg/m2) | 22.6 (20.6, 25.0) | 22.5 (20.7, 24.5) | .573 |
| Protopathy | |||
| Chronic glomerulonephritis | 302 (48.9%) | 105 (49.8%) | .731 |
| Diabetic nephropathy | 125 (20.2%) | 46 (21.8) | .526 |
| Hypertensive nephropathy | 102 (16.5%) | 25 (11.8) | .147 |
| Lupus nephritis | 1 (0.2%) | 4 (1.9%) | .005 |
| Anaphylatic purpura nephritis | 1 (0.2%) | 2 (0.9%) | .101 |
| ANCA-related nephritis | 1 (0.2%) | 1 (0.5%) | .425 |
| Interstitial nephritis | 25 (4.0%) | 5 (2.4%) | .069 |
| Polycystic kidney | 8 (1.3%) | 8 (3.8%) | .113 |
| Obstructive nephropathy | 52 (8.4%) | 15 (7.1%) | .082 |
| Plasma cell nephropathy | 1 (0.2%) | 0 (0%) | .552 |
| Comorbid | |||
| Diabetes | 145 (23.5%) | 67 (31.8%) | .017 |
| Hypertension | 310 (50.2%) | 152 (72.0%) | <.001 |
| SBP (mm Hg) | 136 (144, 160) | 151 (133, 171) | .098 |
| DBP (mm Hg) | 85 (79, 93) | 84 (77, 96) | .236 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 120 (19.4%) | 59 (28.0%) | .009 |
| Gastrointestinal bleeding | 35 (5.7%) | 23 (10.9%) | .010 |
| Laboratory variables | |||
| Hemoglobin (g/L) | 96.0 (84.0, 110.0) | 90.0 (82.0, 104.0) | .009 |
| Creatinine (μmol) | 751.5 (549.0, 977.8) | 799.0 (568.0, 1104.0) | .054 |
| Urea nitrogen (mmol/L) | 18.9 (14.6, 24.7) | 18.9 (13.1, 24.0) | .256 |
| Uric acid (mmol/L) | 434.0 (371.0, 491.0) | 412.0 (359.0, 479.0) | .034 |
| FBG (mmol/L) | 4.6 (4.1, 5.6) | 4.5 (3.8, 5.9) | .145 |
| Cholesterol (mmol/L) | 4.4 (3.9, 5.0) | 4.4 (3.8, 5.3) | .437 |
| Triglycerides (mmol/L) | 1.4 (1.0, 2.0) | 1.5 (1.1, 2.3) | .069 |
| Calcium (mmol/L) | 2.1 (2.0, 2.3) | 2.0 (1.9, 2.2) | <.001 |
| Potassium (mmol/L) | 3.9 (3.4, 4.4) | 3.9 (3.4, 4.4) | .941 |
| Phosphorus (mmol/L) | 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) | 1.6 (1.2, 2.0) | .353 |
| Total Kt/V | 2.3 (1.9, 2.7) | 2.2 (1.8, 2.6) | .495 |
| RRF (mL/min) | 7.0 (2.6, 26.2) | 17.4 (4.1, 34.3) | <.001 |
| Treatments | |||
| CCB | 519 (84.0%) | 180 (85.3%) | .647 |
| β-blocker | 322 (52.1%) | 111 (52.6%) | .899 |
| ACEI/ARB | 348 (56.3%) | 95 (45.0%) | .005 |
| Aspirin | 76 (12.3%) | 19 (9.0%) | .195 |
| Statins | 93 (15.0%) | 56 (26.5%) | <.001 |
Note: All continuous variables are skewed distribution – the values for continuous variables are given as median (P25,P75).
PPI: proton pump inhibitor; C1: center 1; C2: center 2; BMI: body mass index; FBG: fasting blood-glucose; Kt/V: K – dialyzer clearance of urea, t – dialysis time, V – volume of distribution of urea; RRF: residual renal function; CCB: calcium channel blocker; ACEI: angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors; ARB: angiotensin receptor blocker.