Table 3.

Relationship between PPI and the adverse prognosis.

	HR (95%CI)	p Value
All-cause mortality
Unadjusted	1.52 (1.07–2.15)	.019
Model 1	1.67 (1.15–2.41)	.006
Model 2	1.46 (1.01–2.10)	.044
Model 3	1.47 (1.02–2.13)	.042
IPTW	1.35 (1.09–1.67)	.006
New-onset CVE
Unadjusted	1.64 (1.06–2.54)	.026
Model 1	1.89 (1.19–3.00)	.007
Model 2	1.72 (1.08–2.74)	.022
Model 3	1.80 (1.13–2.87)	.014
IPTW	1.78 (1.35–2.32)	<.001

Model 1: sex, age, center.

Model 2:

All-cause mortality: Model 1 plus comorbid conditions (diabetes, SBP, history of CVD, history of gastrointestinal bleeding, β-blocker).

New-onset CVE: Model 1 plus comorbid conditions (diabetes, SBP, history of gastrointestinal bleeding, β-blocker).

Model 3: Model 2 plus uric acid, total cholesterol, Kt/V, RRF.

IPTW: inverse probability of treatment weighted method; PPI: proton pump inhibitor; HR: hazard ratio; CI: confidence interval; CVD: cardiovascular disease; CVE: cardiovascular event; SBP: systolic pressure; Kt/V: K – dialyzer clearance of urea, t – dialysis time, V – volume of distribution of urea; RRF: residual renal function.

Note: Reference group is the non-PPI group.