Table 2.
Dietary intake and physical activity levels of the study participants
| All (n = 391) | Men (n = 179) | Women (n = 239) | p valuea | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dietary energy and macronutrient intake | ||||
| Energy, MJ/day | 8.50 ± 2.47 | 9.62 ± 2.51 | 7.56 ± 2.00 | < 0.01 |
| Total Fat, %TE | 36.5 ± 8.6 | 34.6 ± 9.6 | 36.4 ± 7.8 | 0.82 |
| SFA, %TE | 13.0 ± 4.5 | 13.3 ± 5.2 | 12.8 ± 3.7 | 0.36 |
| MUFA, %TE | 13.7 ± 3.8 | 13.6 ± 4.1 | 13.8 ± 3.6 | 0.70 |
| PUFA, %TE | 6.17 ± 2.11 | 6.09 ± 2.33 | 6.24 ± 1.91 | 0.51 |
| n-6 PUFA, %TE | 5.66 ± 2.91 | 5.33 ± 3.03 | 5.93 ± 2.79 | 0.04 |
| n-3 PUFA, %TE | 0.86 ± 0.59 | 0.82 ± 0.49 | 0.90 ± 0.67 | 0.17 |
| Trans fat, %TE | 0.49 (0.34–0.68) | 0.50 (0.35–0.72) | 0.49 (0.33–0.63) | 0.05 |
| Protein, %TE | 17.1 (14.8–20.2) | 17.0 (14.5–20.4) | 17.4 (15.0–19.7) | 0.58 |
| Carbohydrate, %TE | 45.8 ± 10.9 | 45.4 ± 12.1 | 46.1 ± 9.8 | 0.52 |
| Total Sugars, %TE | 18.7 ± 6.6 | 17.7 ± 7.0 | 19.6 ± 6.0 | 0.01 |
| Dietary Fibre (AOAC), g/day | 24.3 ± 8.8 | 25.2 ± 8.9 | 23.5 ± 8.6 | 0.07 |
| Physical activity levelb | ||||
| Steps/day | 8953 (6948–11,941) | 8500 (6517–10,717) | 9288 (7193–12,024) | 0.02 |
| Energy expended (kcal/day) | 254 (157–431) | 324 (195–524) | 224 (141–349) | < 0.01 |
| Percentage time per day spent | ||||
| Sedentary | 69.8 ± 7.3 | 71.1 ± 7.4 | 68.9 ± 7.1 | 0.01 |
| Performing light PA | 25.5 ± 6.8 | 24.3 ± 6.6 | 26.3 ± 6.9 | 0.01 |
| Performing moderate to vigorous PA | 4.2 (2.7–6.2) | 4.0 (2.6–6.1) | 4.4 (2.7–6.3) | 0.34 |
AOAC Association of Official Analytical Chemist, MUFA monounsaturated fatty acids, PA physical activity, PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids, SFA saturated fatty acids, %TE % of total energy
aDifferences between men and women were analyzed by independent t test and presented as mean ± SD or median (interquartile range); p ≤ 0.05 was considered significant
bSample sizes differed as follows: Physical activity level n = 327 (M:126/F:201) and steps/day n = 309 (M:120/F:189)