Table 3.

Recommended harmonization process by Karageorgou et al.

Step*	Description
Step 1: Data Retrieval	Identification and retrieval of relevant dietary and sociodemographic variables.
Step 2: Unique food item identification and description	Identification of unique food items (single-ingredient or disaggregated ingredient) across the diet assessment methods by matching their available food description, further accounting for food consumed away from home.
Step 3: Food matching	Matching food items to available food composition data for nutrient profiling.
Step 4: Unit standardization	Accounting for non-edible portions and cooking alterations using yield factors, converting, and reporting in standardized metrics.
Step 5: Food classification	Classifying unique food items to food groups using previously established methods.
Step 6: Individualization of household consumption	Household food and nutrient consumption individualized by the adult male equivalent (AME) [36] and the per capita (P.C.) [37] approach.
Step 7: Final dataset preparation	Merging and creating a complete dataset including individual-level dietary and sociodemographic information.

^*Each step is part of the retrospective harmonization procedure for 24-hour dietary recall and household datasets in Karageorgou et al.