Table 4.

Comparison of serum and urine heavy metal concentrations in participants (ie, patients with acute ischemic stroke) who smoked, consumed alcohol, and had hypertension.

	Smokes			Alcohol consumption			Hypertension
	Yes (n = 17)	No (n = 16)		Yes (n = 9)	No (n = 24)		Yes (n = 27)	No (n = 6)
Variables	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	P-value	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	P-value	Mean ± SD	Mean ± SD	P-value
S-Pb (μg/L)	25.3 ± 8.5	17.5 ± 6.3	.011	29.5 ± 8.6	18.5 ± 6.1	.002	21.9 ± 8.5	19.6 ± 8.0	.455
S-Hg (μg/L)	(n = 15)	(n = 15)	.756	(n = 8)	(n = 22)	.174	(n = 25)	(n = 5)	.522
	6.5 ± 4.0	6.2 ± 4.6		8.0 ± 4.9	5.7 ± 3.9		6.6 ± 4.5	5.0 ± 2.5
S-As (μg/L)	4.7 ± 3.3	6.5 ± 7.1	.313	6.3 ± 3.7	5.3 ± 6.0	.225	61. ± 5.9	3.0 ± 0.3	.040
S-Cd (μg/L)	1.0 ± 0.5	0.6 ± 0.2	.002	1.2 ± 0.6	0.6 ± 0.3	.004	0.8 ± 0.5	0.9 ± 0.4	.304
U-Pb (μg/L)	12.6 ± 9.0	9.9 ± 5.3	.407	14.3 ± 5.7	10.1 ± 7.8	.015	12.0 ± 8.0	7.9 ± 2.3	.243
U-Hg (μg/L)	0.8 ± 0.5	0.7 ± 0.8	.517	1.0 ± 0.5	0.7 ± 0.7	.039	0.8 ± 0.7	0.4 ± 0.3	.208
U-As (μg/L)	60.2 ± 83.6	45.8 ± 30.8	.801	77.4 ± 109.8	44.2 ± 32.5	.544	59.5 ± 68.3	24.9 ± 11.7	.084
U-Cd (μg/L)	2.4 ± 2.8	1.6 ± 1.1	.914	3.4 ± 3.4	1.5 ± 1.2	.115	2.3 ± 2.3	0.9 ± 0.4	.056

S-As = serum arsenic, S-Cd = serum cadmium, S-Hg = serum mercury, S-Pb = serum lead, U-As = urine arsenic, U-Cd = urine cadmium, U-Hg = urine mercury, U-Pb = urine lead.

The significance of bold values is a P-value of <.05.