Table 1: Profile of TMD patients and healthy controls.

	Study, year	(n)		Gender		Age (years)
		Patients	Controls	Patients	Controls	Patients	Controls
TMD TNF-α levels	Takahashi et al. 15 , 1998	51	6	46 females	0 females	17-78	27-39
		62 TMJ	10 TMJ	5 males	6 males
	Kaneyama et al. 16 , 2002	117	7	123 females	0 females	12-74	27-35
		121 TMJ	9 TMJ	14 males	7 males
	Lee et al. 17 , 2010	24	5	Not informed	Not informed	Not informed	Not informed
		24 TMJ	5 TMJ
	Park, Chung 18 , 2016	40	20	40 females	20 females	32.9 ± 13.3	32.9 ± 13.3
				0 male	0 males
	Louca Jounger et al. 19 , 2017	20	20	20 females	20 females	Above 18	Above 18
				0 male	0 male
TMD SNP	Furquim et al. 20 , 2016	152	91	136 females	82 females	36.07 ± 11.00	34.68 ± 11.47
				14 males	9 males

n = number, TMJ = temporomandibular joint.