Table 1:
Patient characteristics by resistance profiles obtained by whole-genome sequencing
| Pan-susceptible | Any resistance | p value | Monoresistance |
Polyresistance |
||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| All | Isoniazid | Pyrazinamide | Ethambutol | Rifampicin | All | Multidrug-resistant | Pre-XDR or XDR | Other | ||||
| Total | 339 | 243 | ·· | 35 | 8 | 2 | 1 | 24 | 208 | 146 | 24 | 38 |
| Sex | ·· | ·· | 0·99 | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· |
| Women | 131 (39%) | 94 (39%) | ·· | 10 (29%) | 3 (38%) | 0 (0%) | 1 (100%) | 6 (25%) | 84 (40%) | 56 (38%) | 13 (54%) | 15 (39%) |
| Men | 208 (61%) | 149 (61%) | ·· | 25 (71%) | 5 (63%) | 2 (100%) | 0 | 18 (75%) | 124 (60%) | 90 (62%) | 11 (46%) | 23 (61%) |
| Age, years | ·· | ·· | 0·0067 | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ||
| At diagnosis | 35 (28–45) | 32 (25–40) | ·· | 32 (25–40) | 40 (31–49) | 26 (25–28) | 36 (36–36) | 29 (25–39) | 32 (26–40) | 31 (25–39) | 30 (25–34) | 36 (29–44) |
| HIV status | ·· | ·· | <0·0001 | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· |
| HIV-negative | 169 (50%) | 166 (68%) | ·· | 23 (66%) | 7 (88%) | 1 (50%) | 0 | 15 (63%) | 143 (69%) | 103 (71%) | 14 (58%) | 26 (68%) |
| HIV-positive | 170 (50%) | 77 (32%) | ·· | 12 (34%) | 1 (13%) | 1 (50%) | 1 (100%) | 9 (38%) | 65 (31%) | 43 (29%) | 10 (42%) | 12 (32%) |
| Mycobacterium tuberculosis lineage | ·· | ·· | 0·039 | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· |
| L1 | 18 (5%) | 6 (2%) | ·· | 2 (6%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (8%) | 4 (2%) | 1 (1%) | 0 | 3 (8%) |
| L2 | 79 (23%) | 56 (23%) | ·· | 7 (20%) | 3 (38%) | 1 (50%) | 0 | 3 (13%) | 49 (24%) | 23 (16%) | 8 (33%) | 18 (47%) |
| L3 | 15 (4%) | 3 (1%) | ·· | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 3 (1%) | 2 (1%) | 1 (4%) | 0 |
| L4 | 225 (66%) | 178 (73%) | ·· | 26 (74%) | 5 (63%) | 1 (50%) | 1 (100%) | 19 (79%) | 152 (73%) | 120 (82%) | 15 (63%) | 17 (45%) |
| L5 | 1 (<1%) | 0 | ·· | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| L6 | 1 (<1%) | 0 | ·· | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Country | ·· | ·· | <0·0003 | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | |
| Côte d’Ivoire | 46 (14%) | 48 (20%) | ·· | 5 (14%) | 2 (25%) | 0 | 1 (100%) | 2 (8%) | 43 (21%) | 39 (27%) | 3 (13%) | 1 (3%) |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 29 (9%) | 30 (12%) | ·· | 1 (3%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 1 (4%) | 29 (14%) | 19 (13%) | 8 (33%) | 2 (5%) |
| Kenya | 21 (6%) | 7 (3%) | ·· | 1 (3%) | 1 (13%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 (3%) | 5 (3%) | 0 | 1 (3%) |
| Nigeria | 19 (6%) | 34 (14%) | ·· | 6 (17%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 6 (25%) | 28 (13%) | 20 (14%) | 4 (17%) | 4 (11%) |
| Peru | 57 (17%) | 36 (15%) | ·· | 2 (6%) | 2 (25%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 34 (16%) | 28 (19%) | 2 (8%) | 4 (11%) |
| South Africa | 111 (33%) | 61 (25%) | ·· | 15 (43%) | 0 | 1 (50%) | 0 | 14 (58%) | 46 (22%) | 28 (19%) | 7 (29%) | 11 (29%) |
| Thailand | 56 (17%) | 27 (11%) | ·· | 5 (14%) | 3 (38%) | 1 (50%) | 0 | 1 (4%) | 22 (11%) | 7 (5%) | 0 | 15 (39%) |
| History of tuberculosis | ·· | ·· | <0·0001 | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· |
| No | 269 (79%) | 104 (43%) | ·· | 13 (37%) | 7 (88%) | 1 (50%) | 1 (100%) | 4 (17%) | 91 (44%) | 56 (38%) | 5 (21%) | 30 (79%) |
| Yes | 70 (21%) | 139 (57%) | ·· | 22 (63%) | 1 (13%) | 1 (50%) | 0 | 20 (83%) | 117 (56%) | 90 (62%) | 19 (79%) | 8 (21%) |
| Treatment outcomes | ·· | ·· | <0·0001 | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· |
| Success | 248 (73%) | 129 (53%) | ·· | 16 (46%) | 5 (63%) | 0 | 1 (100%) | 10 (42%) | 113 (54%) | 76 (52%) | 11 (46%) | 26 (68%) |
| Mortality | 19 (6%) | 45 (19%) | ·· | 6 (17%) | 1 (13%) | 1 (50%) | 0 | 4 (17%) | 39 (19%) | 24 (16%) | 9 (38%) | 6 (16%) |
| Treatment failure | 11 (3%) | 10 (4%) | ·· | 3 (9%) | 0 | 1 (50%) | 0 | 2 (8%) | 7 (3%) | 5 (3%) | 2 (8%) | 0 |
| Lost to follow-up | 26 (8%) | 29 (12%) | ·· | 5 (14%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 5 (21%) | 24 (12%) | 22 (15%) | 0 | 2 (5%) |
| Transfer | 13 (4%) | 15 (6%) | 2 (6%) | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (8%) | 13 (6%) | 10 (7%) | 2 (8%) | 1 (3%) | |
| Ongoing, unknown | 22 (6%) | 15 (6%) | ·· | 3 (9%) | 2 (25%) | 0 | 0 | 1 (4%) | 12 (6%) | 9 (6%) | 0 | 3 (8%) |
| Sputum | ·· | ·· | 0·089 | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· | ·· |
| Positive | 264 (78%) | 205 (84%) | ·· | 25 (71%) | 7 (88%) | 1 (50%) | 1 (100%) | 16 (67%) | 180 (87%) | 129 (88%) | 17 (71%) | 34 (89%) |
| Negative | 68 (20%) | 36 (15%) | ·· | 10 (29%) | 1 (13%) | 1 (50%) | 0 | 8 (33%) | 26 (13%) | 17 (12%) | 6 (25%) | 3 (8%) |
Data are n (%) or median (IQR). p values show the difference between pan-susceptible and any resistance, obtained with the χ2 test (L5 and L6 were excluded and for age the t test was used). The category other included the following drug resistances: cycloserine (n=1); ethionamide (n=5); streptomycin (n=9); ethambutol and rifampicin (n=1); ethambutol and streptomycin (n=1); isoniazid and ethionamide (n=14); isoniazid and pyrazinamide (n=1); isoniazid and streptomycin (n=1); ethambutol, isoniazid, and streptomycin (n=1); isoniazid, ethionamide, and streptomycin (n=1); rifampicin, pyrazinamide, streptomycin, and ethionamide (n=1); isoniazid, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, para-aminosalicylic acid, and ciprofloxacin (n=1); ethambutol, rifampicin, levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, and streptomycin (n=1). XDR=extensively drug-resistant. Due to rounding, some group percentage totals are more than 100%.