TABLE 2.

Summary of studies examining disease association with FV infections in humans

Disease	No. of positive samples/total	Methodsa	Disease associationb	Reference(s)
Thyroiditis de Quervain	1 /1	CC	FS	Stancek et al. (106)
	5 /8	CC, IFA, NAB	FS	Stancek et al. (107)
	±d	IFA, EM	Yes	Werner et al. (119)
	0 /19	IFA, RIPA, WB, ELISA	No	Debons-Guillemin et al. (26)
	0 /58	IFA, RIPA, WB, PCR	No	Schweizer et al. (103)
Graves' disease	7 /7	IFA	FS	Wick et al. (122, 123)
	19 /29	SB, PCR	Yes	Lagaye et al. (61)
	0 /41	SB, PCR	No	Schweizer et al. (104)
	4 /4c
	5 /99	PCR	No	Yanagawa et al. (128)
	0 /45	ELISA, WB	No	Mahnke et al. (71)
	0 /28	IFA, RIPA, WB, PCR	No	Schweizer et al. (103)
	13 /24	PCR	Yes	Lee et al. (62)
Multiple sclerosis	33 /85	ELISA	FS	Westarp et al. (120, 121)
	0 /11	CC, PCR	No	Svenningsson et al. (111)
	0 /48	ELISA, WB	No	Mahnke et al. (71)
	2 /60	ELISA	No	Lycke et al. (70)
	0 /34	IFA	No	Rosener et al. (90)
Myasthenia gravis	1 /1	WB	Yes	Saib et al. (92)
	4 /4	PCR, NAB	FS	Liu et al. (64)
Chronic fatigue syndrome	0 /41	ELISA, WB	No	Mahnke et al. (71)
	0 /30	WB, IFA	No	Gow et al. (40)
Familial Mediterranean fever	3 /3	PCR, SB	Yes	Tamura et al. (113)
Sensorineural hearing loss	4 /30	IFA	FS	Pyykko et al. (84)
Dialysis encephalopathy	1 /1	CC	FS	Cameron et al. (22)

^aCC, coculture methods. EM, electron microscopy. 

^bPossibility of disease association with FV infection as reported in the references. Yes, association observed; No, no association observed; FS, further study merited. 

^cDNA from these four patient samples was the same as used earlier 61 but reanalyzed 104. 

^dAgent isolated by Stancek and Gressnerova further characterized by Werner and Gelderblom 119.