Table 3.
Objective and subjective sleep indicators predicting academic outcomes in middle childhood moderated by concurrent SES.
| Model Predictors | Picture Vocabulary | Applied Problems | Passage Comprehension | Academic Achievement |
|---|---|---|---|---|
|
| ||||
| Est(SE) | Est(SE) | Est(SE) | Est(SE) | |
| Intercept | 48.39(.09) *** | 48.46(.11) *** | 47.72(.08) *** | 3.82(.04) *** |
| Sex | −0.05(.09) | −0.79(.14)*** | −0.10(.11) | −0.09(.06) |
| Ethnicity | 1.00(.49) * | 0.77(.44) | 0.83(.32) * | 0.05(.11) |
| Age | 0.99(.43) * | 1.70(.38) *** | 1.16(.28) *** | 0.09(.08) |
| Vacation | −0.99(.71) | −0.90(.61) | −0.80(.45) | −0.22(.13) |
| BMI | 0.03(.02) * | 0.03(.03) | 0.01(.02) | −0.04(.02)* |
| Concurrent SES | 1.61(.64) * | 1.81(.54) ** | 1.22(.39) ** | 0.51(.09) *** |
| Sleep Duration (hrs) | −0.04(.06) | 0.03(.10) | 0.08(.07) | −0.01(.04) |
| Sleep Duration x Concurrent SES | −0.05(.07) | −0.05(.11) | −0.06(.07) | −0.06(.05) |
|
| ||||
| Intercept | 48.39(.09) *** | 48.46(.11) *** | 47.71(.07) *** | 3.82(.04) *** |
| Sex | −0.04(.08) | −0.79(.14)*** | −0.10(.11) | −0.10(.06) |
| Ethnicity | 1.02(.54) | 0.76(.44) | 0.84(.32) * | 0.05(.11) |
| Age | 1.00(.44) * | 1.67(.38) *** | 1.16(.28) *** | 0.08(.09) |
| Vacation | −0.96(.70) | −0.90(.61) | −0.80(.45) | −0.23(.13) |
| BMI | 0.03(.02) * | 0.02(.03) | 0.01(.02) | −0.04(.02)* |
| Concurrent SES | 1.61(.64) * | 1.81(.54) ** | 1.23(.40) ** | 0.51(.09) *** |
| Sleep Midpoint Time | 0.17(.14) | 0.19(.15) | 0.19(.11) | 0.01(.05) |
| Sleep Midpoint Time x Concurrent SES | −0.13(.10) | 0.06(.11) | −0.14(.08) | 0.03(.06) |
|
| ||||
| Intercept | 48.39(.09) *** | 48.46(.09) *** | 47.72(.06) *** | 3.81(.04) *** |
| Sex | 0.05(.07) | −0.73(.15)*** | −0.06(.11) | −0.09(.06) |
| Ethnicity | 0.24(.10) * | 0.09(.19) | 0.33(.12) ** | −0.09(.08) |
| Age | 0.41(.08) *** | 1.27(.15) *** | 0.85(.10) *** | −0.01(.06) |
| Vacation | −0.13(.12) | −0.04(.21) | −0.15(.14) | −0.05(.08) |
| BMI | 0.01(.01) | 0.02(.03) | −0.01(.02) | −0.04(.02)** |
| Concurrent SES | 0.39(.06) *** | 0.74(.12) *** | 0.43(.07) *** | 0.27(.05) *** |
| Sleep Problems | −0.19(.13) | −0.17(.38) | −0.12(.28) | −0.11(.11) |
| Sleep Problems x Concurrent SES | −0.24(.02)*** | 0.04(.15) | 0.11(.06) | −0.32(.08)*** |
Note. All models were conducted independently. Covariates, predictors, and moderator were grand mean centered. Sex (1 = female), ethnicity (1 = non-Hispanic White), Vacation (1 = study completed during summer or school vacation). BMI = body mass index, SES = socioeconomic status. Concurrent SES was assessed at 8 years of age. Est. = unstandardized partial regression coefficient estimate. SE = robust standard error.
*
p < .05
**
p < .01
***
p < .001.