Table 2.
Recent relevant research of polymeric nanoparticles for respiratory therapy.
| Materials | Disease | Drug | Fabrication method | Efficacy tests | Cytotoxicity tests | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Curland | Tuberculosis | Rifampicin/levofloxacin | Nanoprecipitation, incubation loading | In vitro MIC test | MTT assay (RAW 264.7 macrophages, L929 fibroblast), viability >85% (100 mg/mL) | [7] |
| PLGA | Tuberculosis | Linezolid | Emulsification-solvent evaporation | In vitro MIC test | Non reported | [23] |
| Chitosan | Tuberculosis | Silver nanoparticles | Modified nanoprecipitation | In vitro MIC test | Colorimetric method with crystal violet, IC50 of 12.3 μg/mL (A549 cell), IC50 of 357.2 μg/mL (WI 38 cell) | [8] |
| PLGA | Tuberculosis | Amikacin/moxifloxacin | Emulsification-solvent evaporation | In vitro viability of M. Tuberculosis H37Ra | Non reported | [24] |
| Poly(glycerol adipate-co-ω-pentadecalactone) | COPD | miR-146a | Emulsification-solvent evaporation | In vitro gene expression test | MTT assay (A549 cells), viability 65% (1.25 mg/mL) | [25] |
| PLGA | Acute lung sepsis | Sparfloxacin/tacrolimus | Emulsification-solvent evaporation | In vitro antibacterial assay, in vivo ICR mice model | Cell counting kit-8 (HUVEC cells), cell viability >90% (200 μg/mL) | [26] |
| mPEG-PLGA copolymer | NSCLC | Platinum complexes of curcumin | Nanoprecipitation | In vitro MTT assay, in vivo tumor growth and metastasis inhibition (BALB/c mice) | MTT assay (A549 cells), cell viability >90% (100 mg/mL, for empty nanoparticles), IC50 < 5 μmol/L (loaded nanoparticles) | [27] |
| PLGA/polyethyleneimine | NSCLC | Resveratrol-cyclodextrin complex | Emulsification-solvent evaporation | In vitro clonogenic assay, scratch assay | MTT assay, IC50 <∼5 μM (A549, H157, H460, H4006, H358), cell viability >90% (HEK-293 cells, at 15 μM) | [28] |
| PLA | Asthma, COPD | Budesonide/theophylline | Double emulsification-solvent evaporation | Non reported | MTT assay (16HBE14o- cells), cell viability 66% (5 mg/mL) | [29] |
| PLGA | NSCLC | Febuxostat | Nanoprecipitation | In vitro cell cycle analysis | MTT assay (A549 cells), IC50 52.62 μg/mL | [30] |
| PLGA | MERS-CoV | MERS-CoV RBD antigens with cyclic diguanylate monophosphate | Double emulsification-solvent evaporation | In vivo immunogenic test | Non reported | [31] |
| PLGA | NSCLC | PTX | Emulsification-solvent evaporation | In vivo tumor growth inhibition (Fox Chase SCID Beige mice) | MTS assay (A549 cells), IC50 (22 nM) | [32] |
| poly(cyclohexane-1,4-diyl acetone dimethylene ketal)/PLGA | Lung cancer | Doxorubicin | Double emulsification-solvent evaporation | In vivo histopathological examination (BALB/c mouse) | MTT assay (A549 cells), cell viability 38.31% | [33] |
| DSPE-PEG/Miglyol® 812 | Lung cancer | Cisplatin, doxorubicin | Emulsification-solvent evaporation | In vivo tumor growth inhibition (C57BL/6 mice) | MTT assay (A549 cells), cell viability ∼30% (100 μM) | [34] |
| Methoxy PEG-b-PCL | Lung cancer | DTX/osthol | Thin-film hydration | In vitro clonogenic assay (A549 cells) | MTT assay (A549 cells), IC50 2852 nM | [35] |
| Methoxy PEG-b-PLA | Lung cancer | Alpinumisoflavone | Thin-film hydration | Non reported | In vivo toxicity assay, survival 100%, body weight loss 0% (20 mg/kg) | [36] |
Abbreviations in table: MIC = minimal inhibitory concentration, MTT = 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTS = 2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, IC50 = half maximal inhibitory concentration, RAW 267.4 = mouse leukemic monocyte-macrophage cells, L929 = mouse fibroblast cells, A549 = adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells, HUVEC = human umbilical vein endothelial cells, H157 = human oral squamous carcinoma cells, H460 = non-small human lung carcinoma cells, H4006 = human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cells, H358 = human caucasian bronchoalveolar carcinoma cells, HEK-293 = immortalized human embryonic kidney cells, 16HBE14o- = human bronchial epithelial cells.