Table 4.
Recent relevant research of liposomes for respiratory therapy.
| Materials | Disease | Drug | Fabrication method | Efficacy tests | Cytotoxicity tests | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Small Unilamellar Liposomes, Pluronic® F127- surface modified liposomes and PEG 2000 PE-surface modified liposomes | Lung inflammation | Glucocorticoid beclomethasone dipropionate | Micelle-to-vesicle transition | Non reported | MTT assay (H441 cells), cell viability >80%* (20 mg/mL) | [45] |
| Folate-conjugated cholesteryl hemisuccinate | NSCLC | Doxycycline/DTX | Thin-film hydration | In vivo tumor growth inhibition (BALB/c nude mice) | MTT assay (A549 cells), IC50 0.02398 μM | [46] |
| cholesterol/3-maleimidobenzoic acid N-succinimidyl ester/phosphatidylcholine | SARS-CoV-2 | Nimbolide | Thin-film hydration | In vivo histopathological and ELISA tests (male C57BL/6 mice) | MTT assay (RAW 264.7 cells/BEAS-2B cells), cell viability >90%* (0.5 μg/mL) | [47] |
| Dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol | SARS-CoV-2 | Hydroxychloroquine | Non reported | Non reported | Non reported | [48] |
| Phosphatidyl choline | SARS-CoV-2 | Lactoferrin | Non reported | In vitro protein labeling assay (HaCaT cells) | Non reported | [49] |
| Soybean lecithin/cholesterol | Lung cancer | Curcumin | Thin-film hydration | In vivo histopathological and histochemistry analysis (male Sprague-Dawley rats) | Cell counting kit-8, cell viability ∼6.28% (A549 cells, 100 μmol/L), cell viability >70%* (BEAS-2B cells, 100 μmol/L) | [50] |
| 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/cholesterol | NSCLC | Pirfenidone | Thin-film hydration | In vitro scratch assay (A549 cells) and clonogenic assay (A549 cells, H4006 cells) | MTT assay, IC50 ∼0.2 mg/mL (A549 cells), IC50 ∼0.34 mg/mL (H4006 cells), IC50 ∼0.24 mg/mL (H157 cells), IC50 ∼0.15 mg/mL (H460 cells) | [51] |
| dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine/cholesterol | Refractory nontuberculous mycobacterial lung disease | Amikacin | Non reported | Clinical trial (NCT02344004) | Non reported | [52] |
| Phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol | Lung cancer | DTX | Thin-film hydration | Non reported | MTT assay (A549 cells), IC50 ∼3.51 nM | [53] |
| 1,2-Dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine/n-(succinimidyloxy-glutaryl)-l-α-phosphatidylethanolamine, dioleoyl/monophosphoryl lipid A | SARS-CoV-2 | SARS-CoV-2 receptor-binding domain | Thin-film hydration | In vivo vaccination study (BALB/c nude mice) | Non reported | [54] |
Abbreviations in table: MTT = 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, IC50 = half maximal inhibitory concentration, HaCaT = human immortalized keratinocyte cells, H441 = human lung adenocarcinoma cells, A549 = adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells, RAW 264.7 = mouse leukemic monocyte-macrophage cells, BEAS-2B = human lung bronchial epithelial cells, H4006 = human lung epithelial adenocarcinoma cells, H157 = human oral squamous carcinoma cells, H460 = non-small human lung carcinoma cells, * = value read from a graph.