Table 5.
Recent relevant research of lipid based nanoparticles for respiratory therapy.
| Materials | Disease | Drug | Fabrication method | Efficacy tests | Cytotoxicity tests | Reference |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Precirol® ATO 5/squalene | Cystic fibrosis | Lumacaftor/ivacaftor | Hot emulsion-solvent evaporation | In vivo magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography (Cftrtm1Unc Tg(FABPCFTR)1Jaw/J homozygote/homozygote bi-transgenic mice) | Non reported | [55] |
| Lecithin/cholesterol/stearoyl hydrazone PEG | Lung inflammation | TNF-α siRNA/1,2-dioleoyl-3-trimethylammonium-propane | Nanoprecipitation | In vitro cell transfection ELISA (J774A.1 cells) | Non reported | [56] |
| Oleic acid/Precirol® ATO 5 | Bacterial lung infection | Ciprofloxacin | Hot-melt dispersion | In vivo histopathological analysis (male mice Mus musculus) | Non reported | [57] |
| Precirol® ATO 5/stearic acid or beeswax/oleic acid | Lung hypertension | Sildenafil | Hot emulsion-solvent evaporation | In vivo histopathological analysis (male Sprague-Dawley rats) | MTT assay (A549 cells), IC50 0.348–1.02 mg/mL | [58] |
| Oleic acid/Precirol® ATO 5 | Pulmonary aspergillosis | Itraconazole | Hot-melt extrusion | Non reported | Crystal violet assay (A549 cells), cell viability >90%* (0.5 μg/mL) | [59] |
| Cetyl palmitate | Lung cancer | Lumefantrine/nano calcium phosphate | Hot emulsion-solvent evaporation | In vivo tumor growth inhibition (BALB/c nude mice) | Non reported | [60] |
| Cholesteryl acetate/cholesteryl palmitate/cholesteryl butyrate/Tripalmitin/Ascorbyl palmitate/2-phenylethanol/polyoxyethylene (40) stearate | Bacterial lung infection | 1,1′-(dodecane-1,12-diyl)-bis-(9-amino-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroacridinium) chloride/oligonucleotides | Hot emulsion-solvent evaporation | In vitro MIC test (E. coli) | MTT assay, IC50 ∼130.2 μg/mL (Caco-2 cells), IC50 ∼29.6 μg/mL (Calu-3 cells) | [61] |
| Palmityl palmitate | Tuberculosis | Isoniazid | Hot emulsion-solvent evaporation | In vivo antibiotic test (Wistar rats) | Cell counting kit-8, cell viability >90* (A549 cells), cell viability >90% (RAW 264.7 cells) | [9] |
Abbreviations in table: TNF-⍺ = tumor necrosis factor alpha, sIRNA = small interfering RNA, MIC = minimun inhibitory concentration, IC50 = half maximal inhibitory concentration, MTT = 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, J774A.1 = mouse BALB/c monocyte macrophage cells, A549 = adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells, Caco-2 = human colon adenocarcinoma cells, Calu-3 = human lung adenocarcinoma epithelial cells, RAW 264.7 = mouse leukemic monocyte-macrophage cells.