Table 6.
Recent relevant research of dendrimers for respiratory therapy.
| Materials | Disease | Drug | Fabrication method | Efficacy tests | Cytotoxicity tests | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| PAMAM | MERS-CoV | Sodium carboxylate, hydroxyl, or succinamic acid in anionic dendrimers and cationic dendrimers | Divergent reaction | In vitro plaque formation assay (VERO cells) | Non reported | [62] |
| PAMAM | Lung inflammation | TNF-α siRNA | Divergent reaction | In vivo cytometric bead array - mouse inflammation kit (CD-1 mice) | MTT assay (RAW264.7 cells), IC50 3750 nM | [63] |
| Generation-four lysine dendrimer with a polyanionic surface charge | SARS-CoV-2 | Astodrimer sodium (SPL7013) | Non reported | In vitro antiviral efficacy test | IC50 2.93 mg/mL (VERO E6 cells) | [64] |
| PAMAM | Lung cancer | Doxorubicin | Divergent reaction | In vivo lung metastasis model (male C57BL/6 mice) | MTT assay (B16–F10 cells), IC50 5.85 μM | [65] |
| PAMAM | NSCLC | HuR siRNA/cis-diamine platinum | Non reported | In vitro | Trypan blue exclusion assay, cell viability 50% (100 nM, H1299 cells), cell viability 38% (100 nM, A549 cells), cell viability 82% (100 nM, MRC9 cells) | [66] |
| POxylated generation4 polyurea dendrimers | Pulmonary arterial hypertension | Sildenafil | Supercritical-assisted polymerization | Non reported | MTS assay (A549 cells), cell viability >95%* (250 nM) | [67] |
| Phosphorus dendrimers of generation 3 | Lung inflammation | TNF-α siRNA | Divergent reaction | In vivo lipopolysaccharide induce acute lung injury model (female CD-1 mice) | MTT assay (RAW 264.7 cells), IC50 41 μg/mL | [68] |
| Zwitterionic gadolinium(III)-PAMAM | Lung cancer | Gold nanoparticles | Divergent reaction/Michael addition reaction | In vivo lung metastasis model (mice) | Cell counting kit-8 (B16 cells), cell viability >90% (400 μM) | [69] |
Abbreviations in table: TNF-α = tumor necrosis factor alpha, siRNA = small interfering RNA, HuR = human antigen R, MTT = 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide, MTS = 2-(4-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium, IC50 = half maximal inhibitory concentration, VERO = african green monkey kidney epithelial cells, RAW 264.7 = mouse leukemic monocyte-macrophage cells, VERO E6 = african green monkey kidney epithelial cells clone E6, B16–F10 = mouse skin melanoma cells, H1299 = non-small human lung carcinoma cells, A549 = adenocarcinomic human alveolar basal epithelial cells, MRC9 = Medical Research Council cell strain-9.