Figure 4.

Emodin (80 mg/kg) increases NOS2 expression within polyps of AOM/DSS mice. qPCR analysis of MCP-1, IL6, TNFα, IL1b, IFNg, NOS2, IL10, IL4, and Tgfb1 genes. Data were normalized to vehicle-treated controls and compared with five reference targets (B2M, TBP, HPRT, HMBS, and H2AFV), which were evaluated for expression stability using GeNorm. Groups not containing the same letters (a and b) indicates statistical significance between groups (P < 0.05) from one-way ANOVA, n = 12–15/group. AOM/DSS, azoxymethane/dextran sodium sulfate.