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. 2022 Feb 3;132(3):632–640. doi: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00786.2021

Table 2.

Cardiorespiratory parameters at rest, during submaximal exercise, and during peak exercise

Controls HFpEF
Rest
 V̇E, L/min 11.56 ± 4.02 12.14 ± 2.32
 VT, L 0.91 ± 0.26 0.73 ± 0.13*
 Fb, breaths/min 13.1 ± 3.9 17.2 ± 4.0*
 V̇o2, L/min 0.34 ± 0.08 0.33 ± 0.08
 V̇co2, L/min 0.28 ± 0.06 0.26 ± 0.06
 V̇E/V̇co2 40.8 ± 9.6 48.3 ± 8.1*
 RER 0.83 ± 0.09 0.78 ± 0.06
Submaximal exercise  
 WR, W 40 20
 WR, %peak 37 ± 14 28 ± 9*
 V̇E, L/min 27.79 ± 3.59 31.59 ± 3.95*
 VT, L 1.50 ± 0.39 1.12 ± 0.24**
 Fb, breaths/min 19.4 ± 3.7 29.3 ± 6.0**
 V̇o2, L/min 0.93 ± 0.10 0.92 ± 0.21
 V̇co2, L/min 0.81 ± 0.14 0.80 ± 0.18
 V̇E/V̇co2 34.7 ± 4.5 40.5 ± 6.3*
 RER 0.87 ± 0.13 0.87 ± 0.05
Peak exercise  
 WR, W 120 ± 40 80 ± 29**
 V̇E, L/min 82.94 ± 24.42 61.14 ± 18.34**
 VT, L 2.15 ± 0.59 1.50 ± 0.55**
 Fb, breaths/min 39.0 ± 6.8 43.5 ± 10.7
 V̇o2, L/min 1.70 ± 0.51 1.34 ± 0.45
 V̇o2, %pred 106 ± 21 71 ± 17**
 V̇o2, mL/min/kg 23.35 ± 5.45 11.81 ± 3.47**
 V̇co2, L/min 2.1 ± 0.5 1.50 ± 0.63**
 V̇E/V̇co2 39.6 ± 5.0 43.3 ± 8.8
 RER 1.26 ± 0.09 1.10 ± 0.11**

Data are means ± SD. HFpEF, heart failure with preserved ejection fraction; V̇E, minute ventilation; VT, tidal volume; Fb, breathing frequency; V̇o2, oxygen consumption; V̇co2, carbon dioxide elimination; RER, respiratory exchange ratio; WR, work rate. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01.