Fig. 1.

Characterization of MCL nanozyme. A) SEM image of HMnO₂ nanoparticle. B, C) TEM images of HMnO₂ nanoparticles, D) and MCL nanoparticles. E) HAADF-STEM images of HMnO₂ nanoparticles. F) XPS analysis of HMnO₂ nanoparticle. G, H) Size distribution and Zeta potentials of different samples detected by DLS. I) UV–vis absorption spectra of the intermediate products during the preparation process of MCL nanozyme. J) Size and PDI data of MCL nanozyme in saline solution for one week. K) SDS-PAGE protein analysis of LOX, HMnO₂ nanoparticles, chitosan-coated HMnO₂ nanoparticles (MC) and MCL nanozyme.