Table 1.

Medical and logistic dilemmas faced by kidney patients and kidney health providers during wars [1, 2]

	Medical	Logistic
Non-specific	High risk of medical problems due to unhealthy environment,a inadequate and/or inappropriate nutrition and management	Damage to overall and healthcare infrastructure, shortage of medical material and personnel, inability to gain access to life-saving resources / facilities
Kidney disease specific
AKI patients	Increased incidence due to: gunshot-related bleeding, crush and other injuries, exposure to noxious gases/agents	Shortage of nephrology personnel, medical devices and materials and dialysis possibilities
Pre-Dx. CKD patients	High risk of complications due to interruption in medical treatment and sub-optimal circumstances	Inability to gain access to anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, and other kidney disease medications
Dx. patients	Complications due to dialysis inadequacy	Shortage of dialysis personnel and disposables resulting in underdialysis
Tx. recipients	Complications due to interruptions in medications, high risk of infections due to living in unhygienic conditionsa	Inability to gain access to immunosuppressants and transplant physicians

AKI acute kidney injury, CKD chronic kidney disease, Dx dialysis, Tx transplant

^aTents, shelters, metro tunnels