Figure 1.

Deregulated alterations of glucose metabolism in HCC. Deregulation of glucose metabolism during the initiation and progression of HCC has been early and well emphasized, including glucose transporters, enzymes and substrates in glycolysis, pentose phosphate pathway, gluconeogenesis and TCA cycle. Newly discovered functions of metabolic intermediates have also been referred, as histone lactylation by lactate. G6PC, glucose-6-phosphatase alpha; GPI, glucose-6-phosphate isomerase; HMGB1, high mobility group box 1; ALDOA, fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A; ENO1, enolase 1; PC, pyruvate carboxylase; PDHA1: pyruvate dehydrogenase A1; PHGDH, phosphoglycerate dehydrogenase; 6PGD, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase; RPIA, ribose 5-phosphate isomerase A.