Fig. 6.
EV-NID1 loaded hydrogel accelerates bone repair. (A) The bone regeneration rate of the Hydrogel, EVs/Hydrogel, EVsshNID1/Hydrogel and Blank groups were evaluated by calcein (green)/alizarin red (red) fluorescence double labeling. (B) VG staining was performed on the samples without decalcification to observe the distribution of new trabecular bone. (C)Micro-CT analysis image, the red dashed ellipse represents the ROI of the defect area, and the orange column is the 3D reconstruction image of new bone. (D) Bone volume fraction (BV/TV%) and trabecular number (Tb.N) in the reconstruction area of Micro-CT. Data were represented as the mean ± SD. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01. (E) The schematic diagram showed the role and mechanism of EV-NID1.