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. 2022 Jan;45(1):64–77. doi: 10.1016/j.tins.2021.10.005

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Schematic of auditory cortex in different species and overview of various inactivation methods.

(A) Schematics of auditory cortex in the mouse [84], rat, ferret, cat and macaque (modified, with permission, from [85]) with core (primary) areas shaded in black and scale bars indicating 1 mm and in the macaque and cat both 1 mm and 1 cm. The blue circle indicates a diameter of 1 mm relative to each cortex. (B) A schematic displaying the temporal precision of each of the inactivation methods listed: optogenetics (milliseconds to hours if using step-function opsins [79]), chemogenetics (minutes to hours [80]), cooling (onset activation within several minutes, recovery of firing rates up to an hour [81]), pharmacological inactivation (within minutes to several days [82]), and lesions (permanent inactivation postsurgery [83]). Abbreviations: A1, primary auditory field; AAF, anterior auditory field; A2, secondary auditory field; ADF, anterior dorsal field; AL, anterolateral belt; AVF, anterior ventral field; CM, caudomedial belt; CL, caudolateral belt; DP, dorsoposterior field; FAES, auditory field of the anterior ectosylvian sulcus; IN, insular region; ML, mediolateral belt; MM, mediomedial belt; PAF, posterior auditory field; PPF, posterior pseudosylvian field; PSF, posterior suprasylvian field; R, rostral field; RM, rostromedial belt; RT, rostral temporal field; RTL, rostrotemporal lateral; RTM, rostrotemporal medial belt; SRAF, suprarhinal auditory field; T, temporal region; VAF, ventral auditory field.