FIG. 3.

Schematic representation of the immune regulation by Th cell types, the cytokines they produce, and their effects on immune responses. These cytokines are classified as type 1, type 2, or shared. Type 1 and type 2 cytokines activate different types of effector cells and lead to different responses. Abbreviations: LT-α, lymphotoxin alpha; GM-CSF, granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; IgG and IgE, immunoglobulins G and E. Adapted from reference 68 with permission from the publisher.