Table 2.

Performance of glycated albumin to detect undiagnosed diabetes in US adults, overall and according to subgroups, NHANES 1999–2004.

	FPG≥126 mg/dL (≥6.99 mmol/L) (reference)			Hb A1c≥6.5% (reference)			FPG≥126 mg/dL (≥6.99 mmol/L) and Hb A1c≥6.5% (reference) Glycated albumin, AUC (95% CI)	FPG≥126 mg/dL (≥6.99 mmol/L) or Hb A1c≥6.5% (reference) Glycated albumin, AUC (95% CI)
	Glycated albumin, AUC (95% CI)	HbA1c, AUC (95% CI)	P value	Glycated albumin, AUC (95% CI)	FPG, AUC (95% CI)	P value
Overall	0.824 (0.779–0.861)	0.940 (0.908–0.961)	<0.001	0.921 (0.862–0.956)	0.956 (0.896–0.982)	0.01	0.951 (0.910–0.974)	0.824 (0.780–0.861)
Age categories
20 to 44	0.815 (0.724–0.881)	0.966 (0.903–0.989)	<0.001	0.854 (0.653–0.948)	0.896 (0.685–0.972)	0.03	0.960 (0.882–0.987)	0.788 (0.677–0.868)
45 to 64	0.835 (0.759–0.891)	0.924 (0.850–0.963)	0.009	0.951 (0.879–0.981)	0.979 (0.934–0.993)	0.30	0.948 (0.869–0.980)	0.843 (0.769–0.896)
65+	0.746 (0.659–0.817)	0.888 (0.831–0.928)	<0.001	0.899 (0.822–0.945)	0.961 (0.932–0.977)	0.04	0.923 (0.823–0.969)	0.759 (0.681–0.823)
Sex
Male	0.846 (0.792–0.888)	0.935 (0.891–0.962)	<0.001	0.951 (0.911–0.974)	0.972 (0.931–0.989)	0.21	0.961 (0.912–0.983)	0.851 (0.800–0.890)
Female	0.803 (0.723–0.864)	0.946 (0.890–0.974)	<0.001	0.883 (0.750–0.950)	0.941 (0.814–0.983)	0.02	0.939 (0.850–0.977)	0.796 (0.713–0.859)
Race/ethnicity
Non-Hispanic White	0.803 (0.746–0.849)	0.932 (0.890–0.958)	<0.001	0.896 (0.798–0.950)	0.953 (0.830–0.988)	0.006	0.931 (0.864–0.966)	0.800 (0.743–0.847)
Non-Hispanic Black	0.852 (0.742–0.920)	0.952 (0.889–0.980)	0.03	0.938 (0.852–0.975)	0.971 (0.941–0.986)	0.21	0.983 (0.967–0.991)	0.850 (0.757–0.911)
Mexican-American	0.905 (0.795–0.959)	0.983 (0.959–0.993)	0.04	0.935 (0.856–0.972)	0.925 (0.681–0.986)	0.80	0.977 (0.933–0.992)	0.884 (0.791–0.939)
Chronic kidney disease (eGFRa <60)
No	0.825 (0.776–0.865)	0.943 (0.908–0.965)	<0.001	0.922 (0.857–0.959)	0.954 (0.886–0.983)	0.03	0.958 (0.916–0.979)	0.820 (0.772–0.861)
Yes	0.760 (0.630–0.855)	0.872 (0.775–0.930)	0.02	0.898 (0.677–0.973)	0.960 (0.927–0.978)	0.37	0.855 (0.550–0.966)	0.801 (0.682–0.884)
Albuminuria (ACRb≥30)
No	0.801 (0.745–0.847)	0.945 (0.913–0.966)	<0.001	0.897 (0.811–0.946)	0.938 (0.848–0.976)	0.04	0.941 (0.879–0.972)	0.799 (0.743–0.845)
Yes	0.870 (0.782–0.926)	0.924 (0.818–0.970)	0.05	0.962 (0.900–0.986)	0.985 (0.967–0.993)	0.23	0.962 (0.885–0.988)	0.881 (0.799–0.933)
Obesity (BMI≥30)
No	0.776 (0.699–0.838)	0.938 (0.892–0.965)	<0.001	0.902 (0.733–0.969)	0.926 (0.776–0.978)	0.25	0.971 (0.896–0.992)	0.767 (0.686–0.832)
Yes	0.896 (0.851–0.929)	0.943 (0.898–0.969)	0.01	0.952 (0.918–0.973)	0.969 (0.946–0.982)	0.31	0.956 (0.911–0.979)	0.904 (0.864–0.933)
Anemia
No	0.828 (0.783–0.865)	0.940 (0.908–0.961)	<0.001	0.925 (0.863–0.960)	0.958 (0.892–0.984)	0.02	0.953 (0.911–0.976)	0.827 (0.782–0.865)
Yes	0.819 (0.608–0.930)	0.954 (0.858–0.986)	0.08	0.833 (0.600–0.944)	0.919 (0.807–0.969)	0.30	0.957 (0.918–0.978)	0.786 (0.612–0.896)
Iron deficiency
No	0.827 (0.769–0.872)	0.933 (0.890–0.960)	<0.001	0.920 (0.825–0.965)	0.962 (0.848–0.991)	0.003	0.965 (0.913–0.986)	0.819 (0.760–0.866)
Yes	0.884 (0.663–0.967)	0.987 (0.940–0.997)	0.14	0.969 (0.912–0.989)	0.955 (0.817–0.990)	0.71	0.981 (0.957–0.992)	0.896 (0.711–0.968)

^aeGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate.

^bACR, albumin-to-creatinine ratio.