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Published in final edited form as: Respir Physiol Neurobiol. 2022 Feb 3;299:103855. doi: 10.1016/j.resp.2022.103855

Figure 4: — Analgesic remifentanil concentrations. Bilateral naloxone injection into the Parabrachial Nucleus/Kölliker-Fuse Complex (PBN/KF), the preBötzinger Complex including the premotor neurons (preBötC), and the Caudal Medullary Raphe (raphe) completely reversed the respiratory rate depression from intravenous remifentanil at analgesic concentrations (50% respiratory rate depression). A: Phrenic neurogram tracings during control conditions and sequential drug injections in one rabbit. (B-E) Pooled data for measured respiratory parameters and (F,G) values for the inputs to inspiratory off-switch and on-switch, derived from inspiratory and expiratory duration. Data are presented separately for Cohort A (left panels in white, n=11), Cohort B (center panels in grey, n=10), and Cohort C (right panels in blue, n=5). Bars indicate that the difference between values from two subsequent injections or control was tested against no change (Wilcoxon signed rank test). The levels of significance below the critical P=0.0125 are highlighted in red. The dotted line indicates the threshold value, set at 1 in our model, which the sum of inputs must exceed to result in phase switch (see Appendix 1 in (1)).

Figure 4: — Analgesic remifentanil concentrations. Bilateral naloxone injection into the Parabrachial Nucleus/Kölliker-Fuse Complex (PBN/KF), the preBötzinger Complex including the premotor neurons (preBötC), and the Caudal Medullary Raphe (raphe) completely reversed the respiratory rate depression from intravenous remifentanil at analgesic concentrations (50% respiratory rate depression). A: Phrenic neurogram tracings during control conditions and sequential drug injections in one rabbit. (B-E) Pooled data for measured respiratory parameters and (F,G) values for the inputs to inspiratory off-switch and on-switch, derived from inspiratory and expiratory duration. Data are presented separately for Cohort A (left panels in white, n=11), Cohort B (center panels in grey, n=10), and Cohort C (right panels in blue, n=5). Bars indicate that the difference between values from two subsequent injections or control was tested against no change (Wilcoxon signed rank test). The levels of significance below the critical P=0.0125 are highlighted in red. The dotted line indicates the threshold value, set at 1 in our model, which the sum of inputs must exceed to result in phase switch (see Appendix 1 in (1)).