Modified chemical moieties are shown in red. (A) W-C face modifications: N1-methyladenosine (m1A), N1-methylguanosine (m1G), N2,2-dimethylguanosine (m22G), N3-methylcytidine (m3C), N3-(3-amino-3-carboxypropyl)uridine (acp3U). (B) After chemical treatment: 5-methylcytidine (m5C), pseudouridine (Ψ), dihydrouridine (D), N7-methylguanosine (m7G).