Table 2.
SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral and cellular immune responses in KT, PD, and HD patients and healthy controls vaccinated with 2 doses of inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (V2) followed by a third dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (V3).
| Immunogenicity N (%) or median (IQR) | Controls (N = 16) | HD (N = 31) | PD (N = 28) | KT (N = 31) | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| V2 | V3 | V2 | V3 | V2 | V3 | V2 | V3 | |
| Anti-RBD IgG level (BAU/mL) | 250.9 (90.9–612.2) | 2209.7 (1494.3–2806.1)* | 85.3 (33–412.1) | 1740.9 (1106–3762.3)* | 80.9 (13.3–146.7) | 1092.5 (606.9–1927.2)* | 0.3 (0.2–0.5) | 1.0 (0.4–26.8)* |
| Anti-RBD IgG level ≥ 7.1 BAU/mL (Seroconversion) | 16 (100) | 16 (100) | 29 (94) | 31 (100) | 23 (82) | 28 (100) | 3 (10) | 12 (39)*,a,** |
| % neutralization by sVNT | 74.6 (54.5–94.4) | 99.5 (99.1–99.6)* | 47.9 (13.5–85.4) | 99.4 (98.8–99.7)* | 40.1 (12.6–70.5) | 98.8 (95.9–99.5)* | 0 (0–0) | 0.9 (0–9.9)* |
| Positive sVNT (threshold ≥ 35%) | 15 (94) | 16 (100) | 19 (62) | 31 (100)a,* | 15 (54) | 28 (100)a,* | 0 (0) | 5 (16)a,** |
| S1-specific T-cells, SFUs/106 PBMCs | 36 (18–79) | 59 (27–167) | 48 (12–100) | 188 (32–480) | 102 (25–222) | 242 (71–473) | 24 (0–80) | 12 (0–60) |
| S1-specific T cell responders (threshold ≥ 6 SFUs/106 PBMCs) | 14 (88) | 16 (100) | 24 (77) | 28 (90) | 26 (93) | 27 (96) | 21 (68) | 18 (58)a,** |
| SNMO-specific T-cells SFUs/106 PBMCs | 38 (23–112) | 70 (16–184) | 92 (12–176) | 144 (24–300) | 168 (28–325) | 240 (56–467) | 27 (4–116) | 26 (4–67) |
| SNMO-specific T cell responders (threshold ≥ 6 SFUs/106 PBMCs) | 14 (88) | 16 (100) | 24 (77) | 28 (90) | 24 (86) | 27 (96) | 22 (71) | 23 (74)a,** |
*p < 0.05 (compared within group).
**p < 0.03 (compared with controls).
aFisher’s exact test.
BAU binding antibody units, HD hemodialyzed patients, IgG immunoglobulin G, IQR interquartile range, KT kidney transplant recipients, N number, PBMCs peripheral blood mononuclear cells, PD peritoneal dialyzed patients, RBD receptor-binding domain, S1 S1 domain of the spike protein, SFU spot forming unit, SNMO peptide pool of spike protein, nucleoprotein, membrane protein and open reading frame proteins, sVNT surrogate virus neutralization test.