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. 2022 Mar 4;12:3609. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-07569-7

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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IFP-MSC EXOs anti-inflammatory effects on synoviocytes. (A) IFP-MSC EXOs were internalized in both naïve and TIC-primed SYN (blue, nucleus; red, EXOs). (B) SYN and TIC SYN proliferation was attenuated by both EXO and 10 × EXO. (C) TIC SYN inflammation-related transcriptional profiling was altered by IFP-MSC EXOs. (D) IFP-MSC EXOs significantly reduced secretion of pro-inflammatory molecules from TIC SYN compared to SYN stimulated alone (*p < 0.05).