Table 1.
A cohort of hospitalized patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19
| Characteristics | Total (N = 272) |
Patients aged < 65 y (N = 132) |
Patients aged ≥ 65 y (N = 140) |
P-value* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Moderate (N = 95) |
Severe (N = 37) |
Moderate (N = 78) |
Severe (N = 62) |
|||
| Male gender | 139 (51.1%) | 36 (37.9%) | 25 (67.6%) | 39 (50%) | 39 (63%) | 0.003 |
| Age (years) | 65 (56–72) | 54 (43–60) | 57 (50–62) | 70 (68–75) | 72 (69–78) | < 0.01 |
| Baseline symptoms | ||||||
| Fever | 232 (85.3%) | 83 (87.4%) | 29 (78.4%) | 67 (85.9%) | 53 (85.5%) | 0.62 |
| Cough | 169 (62.1%) | 57 (60.0%) | 24 (64.9%) | 49 (62.8%) | 39 (62.9%) | 0.95 |
| Fatigue | 103 (37.9%) | 33 (34.7%) | 16 (43.2%) | 25 (32.1%) | 29 (46.8%) | 0.25 |
| Shortness of breath | 91 (33.5%) | 27 (28.4%) | 16 (43.2%) | 21 (26.9%) | 27 (43.5%) | 0.07 |
| Chills | 72 (26.5%) | 24 (25.3%) | 10 (27.0%) | 18 (23.1%) | 20 (32.3%) | 0.67 |
| Diarrhea | 71 (26.1%) | 25 (26.3%) | 9 (24.3%) | 19 (24.4%) | 18 (29.0%) | 0.93 |
| Myalgia | 63 (23.2%) | 24 (25.3%) | 10 (27.0%) | 15 (19.2%) | 14 (22.6%) | 0.74 |
| Headache | 35 (12.9%) | 15 (15.8%) | 5 (13.5%) | 6 (7.7%) | 9 (14.5%) | 0.43 |
| Nausea | 30 (11.0%) | 12 (12.6%) | 5 (13.5%) | 6 (7.7%) | 7 (11.3%) | 0.71 |
| Vomit | 18 (6.6%) | 6 (6.3%) | 2 (5.4%) | 4 (5.1%) | 6 (9.7%) | 0.72 |
| Abdominal pain | 11 (4.0%) | 5 (5.3%) | 1 (2.7%) | 3 (3.8%) | 2 (3.2%) | 0.88 |
| Blood cough | 5 (1.8%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.3%) | 3 (4.8%) | 0.36 |
| Baseline comorbidity | ||||||
| Hypertension | 114 (41.9%) | 21 (22.1%) | 16 (43.2%) | 42 (53.8%) | 35 (56.5%) | < 0.01 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 71 (26.1%) | 18 (18.9%) | 9 (24.3%) | 20 (25.6%) | 24 (38.7%) | 0.05 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 22 (8.1%) | 2 (2.1%) | 1 (2.7%) | 10 (12.8%) | 9 (14.5%) | 0.008 |
| Cancer | 13 (4.8%) | 4 (4.2%) | 0 (0.0%) | 6 (7.7%) | 3 (4.8%) | 0.34 |
| Cerebrovascular disease | 10 (3.7%) | 1 (1.1%) | 1 (2.7%) | 3 (3.8%) | 5 (8.1%) | 0.15 |
| Chronic bronchitis | 8 (2.9%) | 2 (2.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 3 (3.8%) | 3 (4.8%) | 0.50 |
| Cholecystitis | 3 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 2 (2.6%) | 1 (1.6%) | 0.44 |
| COPD# | 2 (0.7%) | 1 (1.1%) | 0 (0.0%) | 0 (0.0%) | 1 (1.6%) | 0.65 |
| Comorbidity count | < 0.01 | |||||
| 0 | 108 (40%) | 62 (65%) | 15 (40%) | 18 (23%) | 13 (21%) | |
| 1 | 95 (35%) | 18 (19%) | 17 (46%) | 35 (45%) | 25 (40%) | |
| 2 | 46 (17%) | 12 (13%) | 4 (11%) | 17 (22%) | 13 (21%) | |
| ≥3 | 23 (8%) | 3 (3%) | 1 (3%) | 8 (10%) | 11 (18%) | |
| Clinical outcome | ||||||
| Death | 42 (15.4%) | 2 (2.2%) | 11 (29.7%) | 1 (1.3%) | 28 (45.2%) | < 0.01 |
| Length of hospital stay (days) | 21 (12–29) | 17 (10–23) | 19 (13–31) | 23 (18–33) | 25 (10–33) | < 0.01 |
*: P-values were measured by multigroup tests of variables in four patient groups (discrete variables: chi-squared tests, continuous variables: Kruskal-Wallis tests)
#: COPD: chronic obstructive pulmonary disease