Table 3.

Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Developing, and Evaluation used to assess the systematic review outcomes. Vancomycin was compared to control for patients with posterior spine surgery.

Outcomes	Anticipated absolute effects, per 1000*		Relative effect, OR (95% CI)	Number of		Certainty of the evidence (GRADE)
	Risk with control	Risk with vancomycin (95% CI)		Participants	Studies†
SSIs	55	25 (18–34)	0.43 (0.32–0.60)	11 555	22	⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate
Superficial SSIs	33	36 (19–66)	1.10(0.58–2.10)	1112	4	⊕⊕◯◯ Low
Deep SSIs	35	13 (9–20)	0.37(0.24–0.57)	4291	9	⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate
Dose of 1 g	75	27 (20–36)	0.34(0.25–0.46)	4590	12	⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate
Dose of 2 g	36	15 (8–27)	0.41(0.23–0.74)	2327	3	⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate
Dose between 0.5 –and 2 g	44	21 (16–30)	0.47(0.34–0.66)	4638	7	⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate
Cervical	41	18 (8–38)	0.44(0.20–0.94)	1071	5	⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate
Thoracolumbar	61	26 (19–37)	0.42(0.30–0.59)	4549	10	⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate
Infectious bacteria	61	32 (25–43)	0.51(0.39–0.69)	4731	13	⊕⊕◯◯ Low
MRSA	17	3 (2–7)	0.20(0.10–0.43)	4731	13	⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate
Gram-positive bacteria	41	15 (10–23)	0.35(0.23–0.56)	3591	11	⊕⊕⊕◯ Moderate
Gram-negative bacteria	15	14 (8–26)	0.98(0.54–1.79)	2908	10	⊕⊕◯◯ Low

*The risk in the intervention group (and its 95% CI) is based on the assumed risk in the comparison group and the relative effect of the intervention (and its 95% CI).

^†All studies were observational.

OR, odds ratio.