TABLE 4.

Clinical trials to reduce perinatal transmission

Trial	Drug	Treatment			Efficacy (%)	Estimated cost (US$)
		Antepartum	Intrapartum	Postpartum (to infant)
No breast-feeding
PACTG 076	3-part ZDV	100 mg 5 times/day starting at 14 to 34 wk	Intravenous, 2 mg/kg loading, then 1 mg/kg per h	2 mg/kg every 6 h for 6 wk	68	800
Thailand, short-course ZDV	ZDV	300 mg twice a day starting at 36 wk	300 mg every 3 h	None	51	80–100
Breast-feeding
Abidjan, Ivory Coast, short-course ZDV	ZDV	300 mg twice a day starting at 36 wk	300 mg every 3 h	None	44 (at 1 mo), 37 (at 6 mo)	80–100
PETRAa A	ZDV-3TC	Twice a day starting at 36 wk	ZDV every 3 h, 3TCb every 12 h	Every 12 h for 1 wk	52 (at 8 wk)	100
PETRA B	ZDV-3TC	None	ZDV every 3 h, 3TC every 12 h	Every 12 h for 1 wk	38 (at 6 wk)	50
PETRA C	ZDV-3TC	None	ZDV every 3 h, 3TC every 12 h	None	5 (at 6 wk)
HIVNET 012 (Uganda)	NVP	None	Single dose (200 mg) of NVPc at onset of labor	None	47 (at 4 mo)	4

^aPETRA, perinatal transmission. 

^b3TC, lamivudine. 

^cNVP, nevirapine.