Figure 5.

Effects of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on the gene expression and concentration of interleukin 1β (IL-1B) in the proventriculus tissue and serum of chicks inoculated with or without Newcastle disease/infectious bronchitis (ND/IB) vaccine. Day-old broiler chicks were inoculated with or without ND/IB vaccine and were intraperitoneally injected with PBS or LPS 5 h before the examination at d 11 of age. IL-1B protein concentration was examined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and gene expression was analyzed using quantitative RT-PCR. See Figure 2 for the distribution of experimental chick groups V-L-, V-L+, V+L-, and V+L+. Individual values are indicated by dots. Bars represent mean ± SEM (n = 10). The asterisks indicate significant differences between the groups (*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01; Kruskal Wallis and Steel-Dwass tests).