Table 2.
Haematological findings of the study population
| Pregnancy status | Pregnant | Pregnant |
p value (A vs B) |
Pregnant |
p value (A vs B vs C) |
Post hoc analysis | Non-pregnant |
p value (B vs D) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| COVID-19 status |
(Group A) Prior to COVID-19 infection |
(Group B) Post COVID-19 infection |
(Group C) COVID-19 Negative throughout pregnancy |
(Group D) COVID-19-Positive patients |
||||
| Number of participants | 111 | 111 | - | 169 | 47 | – | ||
|
Haemoglobin (115–160 g/L) |
122.98 (1.32) | 114.40 (1.22) | 0.00002* | 122.21 (0.98) | 0.0001* | A = C > B | 119.15 (3.55) | 0.8839 |
|
Platelets (150–450 × 109/L) |
285.67 (6.91) | 251.71 (6.43) | 0.00182* | 282.12 (5.20) | .03144* | A = C > B | 273.92 (18.74) | 0.8181 |
|
WBCs (4–11 × 109/L) |
8.72 (0.31) | 11.022 (0.29) | 0.00001* | 8.89 (0.24) | 0.001* | A = C < B | 5.93 (0.85) | 0.00001* |
|
Neutrophil (1.7–7.5 × 109/L) |
6.03 (0.28) | 8.51 (0.26) | 0.00001* | 6.04 (0.22) | 0.001* | A = C < B | 4.008 (0.78) | 0.0023* |
|
Lymphocytes (1–4 × 109/L) |
1.95 (0.06) | 1.72 (0.056) | 0.02672* | 2.032 (0.045) | 0.0349* | A = C > B | 1.47 (0.16) | 0.62849 |
|
Monocytes (0.2*80 × 109/L) |
0.57 (0.023) | 0.70 (0.02) | 0.00046* | 0.60 (0.02) | 0.0001* | A = C < B | 0.38 (0.062) | 0.00002* |
|
Eosinophils (> 0.5 × 109/L) |
0.15 (0.017) | 0.07 (0.015) | 0.00172* | 0.17 (0.013) | 0.004* | A = C > B | 0.058 (0.046) | 0.9999 |
|
Basophils (> 0.1 × 109/L) |
0.031 (0.0018) | 0.03 (0.002) | 0.71904 | 0.035 (0.001) | 0.861 | A = B = C | 0.018 (0.005) | 0.5174 |
| Neut/Lymph | 3.32 (0.27) | 5.91 (0.25) | 0.00001* | 3.13 (0.21) | 0.0001* | A = C < B | 3.90 (0.72) | 0.0402* |
| Neut/Eso | 76.65 (15.38) | 225.9 (15.71) | 0.00001* | 84.76 (11.53) | 0.0203* | A = C < B | 126.72 (49.97) | 0.2307 |
|
WBCs*Neut/Eos (CIIR) |
650.92 (219.91) | 2568.95 (224.69) | 0.00001* | 765.97 (164.88) | 0.0001* | A = C < B | 802.29 (714.48) | 0.0352* |
Data are presented as means (standard deviation), p values were calculated by one-way ANOVA or ANCOVA, as appropriate, followed by Tukey’s post hoc analysis
WBCs white blood cells, Neut/Lymph Neutrophil/Lymphocytes, Neut/Baso Neutrophil/ Basophils, Neut/Eso Neutrophil/ Eosinophils
*Significant p values are indicated where p < 0.05 was considered significant