TABLE 10.

Animal models of Moraxella catarrhalis infection

Model	Animal	Route and inoculum (CFU)	Outcome measurement	Observations	References
Pulmonary clearance	Mouse	Lung (1 × 105–5 × 105)	Rate of clearance of bacteria from lungs	M. catarrhalis cleared from lungs by 24 h	134, 136, 186, 232, 317, 327
Otitis media	Chinchilla	Intrabulbar (3 × 108)	Signs of otitis media and clearance of bacteria from middle ear	M. catarrhalis cleared from middle ear by 5 days	57, 82
Systemic infection	SCID mouse	Intranasal, intraperitoneal, or intravenous (102–107)	Clinical and postmortem findings	M. catarrhalis not recovered from blood	133