TABLE 7.

Typing methods for Moraxella catarrhalis

Category and methods	Assay	Basis of strain differentiation	References
Phenotypic
SDS-PAGE and immunoblot assay	Immunoblot of bacterial lysates with normal human serum	Antigenic and molecular weight differences of cellular proteins	197, 209, 259
Esterase electrophoretic polymorphism	Detection of specific esterases by electrophoresis	Relative electrophoretic mobility of esterases	77, 241
LOS typing	Inhibition ELISA with typing antisera	Antigenic differences in LOS	320
Genotypic
Restriction enzyme analysis of genomic DNA
Agarose gel electrophoresis	Electrophoretic separation of small fragments of DNA	DNA sequence differences detected by restriction enzymes	77, 79, 94, 147, 197, 209, 236, 237, 259
Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis	Electrophoretic separation of large fragments of DNA	DNA sequence differences detected by restriction enzymes	159, 163, 190, 261, 334
DNA probe	Southern blot probed with labeled random genomic fragments	DNA sequence differences in selected regions	30
Ribotyping	Southern blot probed with labeled rRNA	DNA sequence differences detected by restriction enzymes and hybridization with rRNA	44, 77
Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA analysis	Electrophoretic separation of DNA fragments amplified by PCR from genomic DNA	DNA sequence differences detected by PCR amplification with random primers	334