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. Author manuscript; available in PMC: 2022 Mar 5.
Published in final edited form as: Clin Auton Res. 2017 Oct 19;27(6):361–367. doi: 10.1007/s10286-017-0474-y

Figure 3: Diagram of brainstem pathways mediating baroreflxes.

Figure 3:

Abbreviations: BP=blood pressure; CVLM=caudal ventrolateral medulla; Dec.=decreased; hi-P=high pressure; HR=heart rate; lo-P=low pressure; NTS=nucleus of the solitary tract; NA=nucleus ambiguus; SNS=sympathetic noradrenergic system; X=vagus (the tenth cranial nerve). The baroreflex arcs involve negative feedback loops, indicated by an odd number of (−) signs across the stations in the loop.