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. 2022 Mar 5;18:86. doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03186-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 1 — Changes in the total (TM) and progressive (PM) canine sperm motility during cold storage (5 °C) in extenders containing different levels of melatonin versus the controls. A two-way repeated-measures Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) statistical test was used to make a comparison between different levels of melatonin versus the control at different times. Pairwise comparisons with Least Significant Difference (LSD) confidence interval adjustments were carried out to examine the simple effects for the time and study groups. Negative Control (without Melatonin or DMSO), Positive Control (containing DMSO), M1 (containing 0.5 mM Melatonin), M2 (containing 1 mM Melatonin), and M3 (containing 2 mM Melatonin). All numbers are presented as mean’s ± SEM. The asterisks show a statistically significant difference (p ≤ 0.05) between the M2 group compared with the other groups at the specified time points