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. 2022 Mar 5;18:86. doi: 10.1186/s12917-022-03186-8

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open AccessThis article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated in a credit line to the data.

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Fig. 5 — Changes in canine sperm DNA fragmentation were detected by SCDT during cold storage (5 °C) in the extenders containing different levels of melatonin versus the controls. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA statistical test was used to make a comparison between treatment groups at different times. Pairwise comparisons with LSD confidence interval adjustments were carried out to examine the simple effects for the time and study groups. The different letters in bar superscripts indicate a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) between study groups at Day 3 or 5. Negative Control (without Melatonin or DMSO), Positive Control (containing DMSO), M1 (containing 0.5 mM Melatonin), M2 (containing 1 mM Melatonin), and M3 (containing 2 mM Melatonin), ns, non-significant. All numbers are presented as Means±SEM. L = Large Halo (No DNA fragmentation), S=Small Halo (Partial DNA fragmentation), and N=No Halo (Complete DNA fragmentation), SCDT = Sperm Chromatin Dispersion Test