Table 1.
Changes in the canine sperm velocity parameters (μm/s) during cold storage (5 °C) in the extenders containing different levels of melatonin versus the controls
| Sampling Days | Group | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Negative Control | Positive Control | M1 | M2 | M3 | |
| VCL1 | 70.36 ± 4.40 1 | 66.42 ± 6.11 1 | 67.15 ± 4.21 1 | 65.84 ± 5.36 1 | 68.72 ± 8.44 12 |
| VCL3 | 65.55 ± 4.75 1 | 62.50 ± 6.67 1 | 63.88 ± 4.47 1 | 63.53 ± 5.16 1 | 67.04 ± 8.42 1 |
| VCL5 | 53.22 ± 6.49 2 | 52.22 ± 4.44 1 | 53.33 ± 1.38 1 | 52.59 ± 2.26 1 | 53.10 ± 5.01 2 |
| VCL7 | 23.08 ± 2.14 2 | 31.05 ± 5.51 2 | 28.84 ± 2.70 2 | 34.18 ± 3.65 2 | 27.19 ± 3.29 3 |
| VCL9 | 3.19 ± .62 3a | 4.66 ± .69 2a | 6.55 ± 1.73 3abc | 9.57 ± 1.99 3bc | 6.06 ± 1.22 4ac |
| VAP1 | 39.59 ± 3.05 1 | 35.56 ± 4.06 1 | 38.51 ± 4.17 1 | 36.45 ± 3.39 12 | 36.40 ± 4.39 12 |
| VAP3 | 35.91 ± 1.60 1 | 31.32 ± 3.70 1 | 33.48 ± 2.22 1 | 34.56 ± 2.60 2 | 34.24 ± 3.95 2 |
| VAP5 | 25.64 ± 2.99 2 | 25.83 ± 2.09 1 | 25.63 ± .62 1 | 26.28 ± 1.31 1 | 26.14 ± 2.23 1 |
| VAP7 | 11.04 ± .95 23 | 14.36 ± 2.64 2 | 13.41 ± 1.19 2 | 15.94 ± 1.96 3 | 13.00 ± 1.48 3 |
| VAP9 | 1.34 ± .33 3 | 2.09 ± .26 3 | 2.92 ± .88 3 | 4.77 ± 1.06 4 | 2.74 ± .63 4 |
| VSL1 | 29.37 ± 2.94 1 | 24.29 ± 3.37 123 | 28.70 ± 3.61 1 | 26.64 ± 2.94 12 | 25.91 ± 3.23 1 |
| VSL3 | 26.39 ± .08 1b | 20.86 ± 2.57 12a | 24.23 ± 1.90 12ab | 25.14 ± 1.94 1ab | 24.08 ± 2.61 1ab |
| VSL5 | 17.27 ± 1.75 2 | 17.32 ± 1.44 12 | 16.63 ± .81 2 | 17.78 ± 1.10 2 | 18.09 ± 1.54 1 |
| VSL7 | 6.99 ± .50 23 | 8.96 ± 1.77 3 | 8.37 ± .73 3 | 10.10 ± 1.41 3 | 8.11 ± .88 3 |
| VSL9 | .71 ± .18 3a | 1.25 ± .18 4a | 1.65 ± .53 4acb | 3.02 ± .71 4c | 1.51 ± .41 4ab |
The different numbers and letters in superscripts indicate a statistically significant difference (P ≤ 0.05) within and between columns, respectively. A two-way repeated-measures ANOVA statistical test was used to make a comparison between treatment groups at different times. Pairwise comparisons with LSD confidence interval adjustments were carried out to examine the simple effects for the time and study groups. Negative Control (without Melatonin or DMSO), Positive Control (containing DMSO), M1 (containing 0.5 mM Melatonin), M2 (containing 1 mM Melatonin), and M3 (containing 2 mM Melatonin). All numbers are presented as Means±SEM. VCL Velocity Curvilinear, VAP Velocity Average Path, and VSL Velocity Straight Path