Table III.
Unadjusted logistic regression models and adjusted multilevel adjusted logistic regression model for VS
| Model 1: MHDI | Model 2: SVI | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Unadjusted OR (95% CI) | Wald test z value | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Wald test z value | P-value | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | Wald test z value | P-value | |
| Age at time of ART initiation (IQR) | 1.14 (1.02, 1.26) | 2.41 | 0.02 | 1.20 (1.07, 1.34) | 3.19 | 0.001 | 1.20 (1.08, 1.34) | 3.22 | 0.001 |
| Age Category (years) | |||||||||
| <30 | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| 30–40 | 1.19 (0.93, 1.52) | 1.35 | 0.18 | ||||||
| 40–50 | 1.23 (0.92, 1.63) | 1.42 | 0.16 | ||||||
| >50 | 1.54 (1.04, 2.29) | 2.13 | 0.03 | ||||||
| Race | |||||||||
| White | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Black | 0.87 (0.67, 1.17) | −0.86 | 0.39 | 0.90 (0.67, 1.20) | −0.72 | 0.47 | 0.89 (0.67, 1.20) | −0.75 | 0.45 |
| Mixed/Unknown | 0.98 (0.77, 1.24) | −0.17 | 0.86 | 0.96 (0.74, 1.23) | −0.36 | 0.72 | 0.96 (0.74, 1.23) | −0.35 | 0.73 |
| Education | |||||||||
| Less than 8 Years | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| More than 8 Years | 1.42 (1.15, 1.75) | 3.28 | 0.001 | 1.30 (1.03, 1.65) | 2.21 | 0.03 | 1.31 (1.04, 1.66) | 2.27 | 0.02 |
| Unknown | -- | -- | -- | ||||||
| Gender and exposure risk | |||||||||
| Cisgender women | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| TGW | 1.19 (0.65, 2.17) | 0.55 | 0.58 | 1.24 (0.66, 2.33) | 0.66 | 0.51 | 1.26 (0.67, 2.37) | 0.70 | 0.48 |
| Cis-MSM | 1.72 (1.33, 2.21) | 4.18 | <0.0001 | 1.57 (1.18, 2.08) | 3.12 | 0.002 | 1.58 (1.19, 2.09) | 3.16 | 0.002 |
| Heterosexual cisgender men | 1.39 (1.05, 1.85) | 2.30 | 0.02 | 1.36 (1.01, 1.83) | 2.02 | 0.04 | 1.37 (1.01, 1.84) | 2.05 | 0.04 |
| Cisgender men: other and unknown | 0.98 (0.64, 1.49) | −0.11 | 0.91 | 1.08 (0.68, 1.71) | 0.33 | 0.74 | 1.07 (0.68, 1.70) | 0.30 | 0.76 |
| Pre-treatment CD4 count (cells/mm3) | |||||||||
| <200 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 200–350 | 1.38 (1.04, 1.82) | 2.32 | 0.03 | 1.23 (0.91, 1.67) | 1.34 | 0.18 | 1.23 (0.91, 1.67) | 1.35 | 0.18 |
| 350–500 | 1.42 (1.00, 2.03) | 1.94 | 0.05 | 1.28 (0.86, 1.90) | 1.23 | 0.22 | 1.27 (0.85, 1.88) | 1.17 | 0.24 |
| >500 | 1.44 (0.98, 2.11) | 1.86 | 0.06 | 1.33 (0.86, 2.05) | 1.29 | 0.20 | 1.34 (0.87, 2.06) | 1.31 | 0.19 |
| Unknown | 0.45 (0.34, 0.61) | −5.29 | <0.0001 | 0.55 (0.35, 0.84) | −2.76 | 0.006 | 0.54 (0.35, 0.84) | −2.77 | 0.006 |
| Pre-treatment viral load (copies/mL) | |||||||||
| <100,000 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| ≥100,000 | 0.69 (0.54, 0.88) | −3.00 | 0.003 | 0.74 (0.56, 0.97) | −2.19 | 0.03 | 0.74 (0.56, 0.97) | −2.17 | 0.03 |
| Unknown | 0.42 (0.32, 0.54) | −6.44 | <0.0001 | 0.78 (0.52, 1.18) | −1.18 | 0.24 | 0.78 (0.52 1.17) | −1.18 | 0.24 |
| Opportunistic illness | |||||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | ||||||
| Yes | 0.99 (0.79, 1.25) | −0.08 | 0.94 | ||||||
| TB | |||||||||
| No | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| Yes | 1.05 (0.79, 1.40) | 0.32 | 0.75 | 1.20 (0.87, 1.65) | 1.13 | 0.26 | 1.20 (0.87, 1.64) | 1.18 | 0.26 |
| ART initiation year | |||||||||
| 2000–2004 | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref |
| 2005– 2008 | 2.15 (1.57, 2.95) | 4.75 | <0.0001 | 1.90 (1.36, 2.64) | 3.79 | <0.0001 | 1.89 (1.36, 2.63) | 3.75 | <0.001 |
| 2009– 2012 | 3.43 (2.49, 4.73) | 7.52 | <0.0001 | 2.89 (2.06, 4.04) | 6.17 | <0.0001 | 2.87 (2.05, 4.02) | 6.13 | <0.001 |
| 2013– 2016 | 2.47 (1.82, 3.33) | 5.86 | <0.0001 | 2.05 (1.47, 2.86) | 4.20 | <0.0001 | 2.03 (1.45, 2.84) | 4.15 | <0.001 |
| MHDI (IQR) | 0.72 (0.27, 1.87) | −0.68 | 0.49 | ||||||
| MHDI category | |||||||||
| High- Very High | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Medium | 0.95 (0.74, 1.21) | −0.43 | 0.67 | 1.06 (0.81, 1.39) | 0.41 | 0.68 | |||
| Very low- low | 0.98 (0.76, 1.27) | −0.15 | 0.88 | 1.12 (0.84, 1.50) | 0.77 | 0.44 | |||
| SVI median (IQR) | 1.71 (0.62, 4.61) | 1.06 | 0.29 | ||||||
| SVI category | |||||||||
| Very Low- Low | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | Ref | |||
| Medium | 0.99 (0.79, 1.25) | −0.06 | 0.95 | 1.12 (0.87, 1.43) | 0.85 | 0.39 | |||
| High- Very High | 1.05 (0.77, 1.44) | 0.32 | 0.75 | 1.21 (0.85, 1.71) | 1.05 | 0.29 | |||
| Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC) | 0.005 | 0.004 | |||||||