Table 2.

Differences between classical and post-COVID-19 reactive arthritis

	“Classical” reactive arthritis	Post-COVID-19 reactive arthritis
Age	15–40 years predominantly	Above 45 years predominantly, but reported in all ages
Gender	Male preponderance	Equal male–female distribution
Precipitating factor	Gut or urogenital infection	Respiratory tract infection
Inciting agent	Bacteria	Virus
Phenotype	Spondyloarthritis-like	Multiple phenotypes
	-Axial involvement
	-Lower limb predominant oligoarthritis
Joint predilection	Large joints	Small joints
Chronicity	1/3rd become chronic (lasts beyond 3 months)	Most resolve within 2 weeks to 3 months
Management	Treated as other spondyloarthritis (limited evidence base)	Usually, low dose steroids with or without NSAIDs is sufficient (limited evidence base)
Extra-articular manifestations	Dactylitis	Unknown/limited
	Enthesitis
	Skin
	Uveitis
	Inflammatory bowel disease