Table 1.
Baseline participant characteristics.
| Characteristic | A Pre-DM PWOH N = 791 |
B Pre-DM PWH N = 793 |
C MACSa PWOH N = 1718 |
D MACSa PWH N = 1854 |
P A vs. B |
P A+B vs. C+D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years), median (IQR) | 51.3 (45.1–57.9) | 47.7 (41.5–53.6) | 45.1 (37.9–52.4) | 41.7 (35.7–47.5) | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Calendar year, median (IQR) | 2005 (2004–2008) | 2006 (2004–2009) | 2002 (2000–2003) | 2002 (2000–2003) | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Non-white race/ethnicity, n (%) | 236 (30) | 372 (47) | 616 (36) | 885 (48) | <0.01 | 0.02 |
| Smoking status, n (%) | 0.048 | <0.01 | ||||
| Never smoked | 236 (30) | 221 (29) | 545 (33) | 544 (30) | ||
| Former smoker | 330 (42) | 298 (39) | 547 (33) | 543 (30) | ||
| Current smoker | 213 (27) | 256 (33) | 582 (35) | 719 (40) | ||
| HCV co-infection per last measure, n (%) | 35 (4) | 66 (8) | 91 (5) | 162 (9) | <0.01 | 0.31 |
| BMI (kg/m2), median (IQR) | 27.0 (24.4–30.3) | 25.5 (23.1–28.3) | 25.7 (23.2–28.7) | 24.8 (22.7–27.5) | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Waist-hip ratio, median (IQR) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 1.0 (0.9–1.0) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.9 (0.9–1.0) | 0.09 | <0.01 |
| Weight change since last visit (kg), median (IQR) | 0.7 (−0.8–2.4) | 0.3 (−1.2–2.2) | 0.9 (−1.74–3.6) | 0.0 (−1.8–1.8) | 0.01 | 0.22 |
| Moderate/severe lipoatrophy, n (%) | 14 (2) | 44 (6) | 44 (3) | 259 (14) | <0.01 | <0.01 |
| Family history of diabetes, n (%) | 431 (55) | 458 (59) | 851 (51) | 985 (55) | 0.14 | 0.02 |
| Duration of HIV infection (years), median (IQR) | - | 18 (14.1–21.9) | - | 12.7 (12.2–18.0) | - | <0.01b |
| History of AIDS, n (%) | - | 74 (9) | - | 196 (11) | - | 0.36b |
| HIV viral load < 50copies/mL, n (%)c | - | 488 (62) | - | 691 (41) | - | <0.01b |
| Cumulative years of NRTI use, median (IQR) | - | 5.5 (2.0–9.5) | - | 2.2 (0.1–4.9) | - | <0.01b |
| Current thymidine analog use, n (%) | - | 252 (32) | - | 823 (46) | - | <0.01b |
| Cumulative years of stavudine use, median (IQR) | - | 0.0 (0.0–2.9) | - | 0.0 (0.0–1.5) | - | <0.01b |
| Cumulative years of PI use, median (IQR) | - | 2.0 (0.0–5.1) | - | 0.3 (0.0–2.5) | - | <0.01b |
a
: Baseline characteristics for all men measured at the earliest visit after April 1, 1999 (when fasting glucose began to be collected).
b
: PWH only.
c
: Excluding the three MACS men with an HIV viral load measured at the lower limit of detection of 400 copies/mL, via the Roche 2nd generation assay.
AIDS = acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; BMI = body mass index; HCV = hepatitis C virus; HIV = human immunodeficiency virus; IQR = interquartile range; NRTI = nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor; PI = protease inhibitor; Pre-DM = pre-diabetes mellitus; PWH = persons with HIV; PWOH = persons without HIV.