Table 1.
Baseline and Follow-up Sample Characteristics.
| Demographics | Risperidone + Fish Oil | Risperidone + Placebo | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 22.7 (5.4) | 21.3 (5.3) | ||
| Sex (male, female) | 17/6 | 18/5 | ||
| Education class b | 3.6 (1.0) | 3.8 (1.0) | ||
| Laterality Quotient c | .49 (.77) | .62 (.60) | ||
| Baseline | Follow-up | Baseline | Follow-up | |
| Clinical Data | ||||
| Depression/Anxiety | 7.4 (2.8) | 4.1 (1.6) | 7.3 (3.1) | 5.3 (2.8) |
| Hostility/Uncooperativeness | 5.8 (1.4) | 4.7 (1.0) | 6.1 (1.8) | 5.0 (1.6) |
| Negative Symptoms | 4.9 (2.4) | 4.6 (1.5) | 4.9 (2.4) | 5.8 (2.3) |
| Positive Symptoms | 12.3 (2.1) | 5.8 (2.1) | 12.9 (2.2) | 7.5 (3.4) |
| Total Score | 41.0 (5.9) | 24.4 (5.7) | 42.2 (6.9) | 30.0 (9.1) |
| Omega-3 PUFA d | ||||
| Eicosapentaenoic Acid (EPA) | .39 (.14) | 1.3 (.61) e | .43 (.12) | .46 (.08) |
| Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA) | 2.2 (.51) | 3.3 (.70) e | 2.4 (.37) | 2.4 (.29) |
| Docosahexaenoic Acid (DHA) | 3.8 (1.3) | 5.3 (1.6) e | 4.0 (1.2) | 4.0 (1.1) |
| Omega-6 | ||||
| Arachidonic Acid (AA) | 16.8 (1.2) | 14.5 (2.4) e | 17.3 (1.1) | 17.0 (.81) |
| Omega-3 PUFA ratio | ||||
| AA/(EPA+DPA+DHA) | 2.7 (.57) | 1.6 (.47) e | 2.6 (.51) | 2.5 (.44) |
Notes:
(a)
Values are mean (SD) except sex;
(b)
Education coded as follows: 5=less than high school education; 4=high school graduate; 3=some college, no degree, 2=college graduate, and 1=some graduate or professional schooling;
(c)
handedness was assessed using a modified version of the Edinburgh Inventory (Oldfield, 1971) and ranged from +1.00 (totally dextral) to - 1.00 (totally nondextral);
(d)
Fatty acid data expressed as weight percent of total fatty acids ((mg fatty acid/100 mg fatty acids) or ratio;
(e)
Values are significantly (p < .05) different compared to baseline (fish oil + risperidone) and follow-up (risperidone + placebo) timepoints (see text for details).