Table 1.
Characteristics of health care workers in the HERO Registry by race/ethnicity.
| Race/Ethnicity |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Characteristics | Overall | White | Black or African American | Hispanic (any race) | Asian + NHPI1 | Other | P Value |
| N=24,769 | N=19,232 | N= 1,148 | N= 1,942 | N= 1,524 | N= 923 | ||
| Demographics | |||||||
| Age, years, mean (Standard Deviation (SD)) | <0·001 | ||||||
| Median (Interquartile Range (IQR)) | 40 (32 - 50) | 41 (33 - 51) | 42 (33 - 51) | 38 (31 - 46) | 38 (31 - 46) | 39 (32 - 48) | |
| Female, n (%) | 19,442 (78·5) | 15,425 (80·2) | 913 (79·5) | 1,475 (76·0) | 1,000 (65·6) | 629 (68·1) | <0·001 |
| Type of Healthcare Facility, n (%) | <0·001 | ||||||
| Hospital | 15,338 (61·9) | 11,987 (62·3) | 603 (52·5) | 1,142 (58·8) | 1,055 (69·2) | 551 (59·7) | |
| Outpatient2 | 2,624 (10·6) | 2,148 (11·2) | 67 (5·8) | 205 (10·6) | 136 (8·9) | 68 (7·4) | |
| Skilled Nursing Facility | 912 (3·7) | 707 (3·7) | 79 (6·9) | 61 (3·1) | 28 (1·8) | 37 (4·0) | |
| Emergency services | 688 (2·8) | 567 (2·9) | 23 (2·0) | 48 (2·5) | 15 (1·0) | 35 (3·8) | |
| Other | 5,207 (21·0) | 3,823 (19·9) | 376 (32·8) | 486 (25·0) | 290 (19·0) | 232 (25·1) | |
| Professional Role, n (%) | <0·001 | ||||||
| Nurse (RN/LPN) | 7,450 (30·3) | 6,263 (32·8) | 239 (21·0) | 431 (22·4) | 301 (19·9) | 216 (23·5) | |
| Physician | 4,276 (17·4) | 3,100 (16·2) | 99 (8·7) | 288 (15·0) | 592 (39·1) | 197 (21·4) | |
| Other Health Practitioners | 2,911 (11·8) | 2,198 (11·5) | 155 (13·6) | 204 (10·6) | 227 (15·0) | 127 (13·8) | |
| Administrative and research | 2,819 (11·5) | 1,945 (10·2) | 250 (22·0) | 400 (20·8) | 119 (7·9) | 105 (11·4) | |
| PA/NP | 1,772 (7·2) | 1,531 (8·0) | 33 (2·9) | 86 (4·5) | 68 (4·5) | 54 (5·9) | |
| Paramedic/EMT | 708 (2·9) | 618 (3·2) | 16 (1·4) | 39 (2·0) | 8 (0·5) | 27 (2·9) | |
| Health tech and support | 618 (2·5) | 502 (2·6) | 30 (2·6) | 41 (2·1) | 26 (1·7) | 19 (2·1) | |
| Other (free text) | 4,041 (16·4) | 2,949 (15·4) | 315 (27·7) | 431 (22·4) | 172 (11·4) | 174 (18·9) | |
| Missing, % | 174 (0·7) | 126 (0·7) | 11 (1·0) | 22 (1·1) | 11 (0·7) | 4 (0·4) | |
| Residence and Healthcare Facility Location, n (%) | |||||||
| Geographic Region of Residence | <0·001 | ||||||
| Northeast | 6,069 (24·5) | 4,590 (23·9) | 246 (21·4) | 470 (24·2) | 528 (34·6) | 235 (25·5) | |
| Midwest | 5,534 (22·3) | 4,865 (25·3) | 108 (9·4) | 201 (10·4) | 201 (13·2) | 159 (17·2) | |
| South | 10,685 (43·1) | 8,010 (41·6) | 733 (63·9) | 994 (51·2) | 553 (36·3) | 395 (42·8) | |
| West | 2,481 (10·0) | 1,767 (9·2) | 61 (5·3) | 277 (14·3) | 242 (15·9) | 134 (14·5) | |
| Socioeconomic Status3 | |||||||
| Median Household Income 2017, x$1,000 | <0·001 | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 60·0 (52·2 - 75·2) | 60·0 (52·2 - 74·6) | 56·7 (50·8 - 65·2) | 57·3 (49·8 - 70·5) | 64·9 (56·7 - 84·1) | 60·0 (52·2 - 76·0) | |
| Mean (SD) | 64·3 (17) | 64·3 (16·8) | 60 (16·1) | 62·3 (16·8) | 70·9 (19·4) | 64·4 (17·1) | |
| Median Home Value 2013-17, x$1,000 | <0·001 | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 195 (152 - 266) | 188 (151 - 251) | 195 (154 - 251) | 242 (176 - 350) | 251 (180 - 481) | 196 (156 - 323) | |
| Mean (SD) | 251·5 (173·9) | 238·3 (162·5) | 249·4 (166·9) | 291 (187·2) | 352·6 (234) | 276·8 (194·5) | |
| % Persons 25+ w/ high school or more 2013-17 | <0·001 | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 89·4 (86·8 - 92·6) | 89·9 (87·4 - 92·6) | 87·7 (84·2 - 90·2) | 87·6 (81·0 - 90·5) | 88·2 (86·2 - 92·1) | 88·9 (86·5 - 92·1) | |
| Mean (SD) | 89 (4·6) | 89·5 (4·2) | 87 (4·8) | 86·1 (6) | 88·2 (4·7) | 88·4 (4·8) | |
| % Persons 25+ w/ 4+ yrs college 2013-17 | <0·001 | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 34·6 (27·1 - 45·5) | 34·6 (26·5 - 45·5) | 32·0 (27·2 - 41·4) | 32·0 (27·8 - 41·4) | 39·1 (30·8 - 48·0) | 34·0 (27·8 - 45·5) | |
| Mean (SD) | 35·8 (12·2) | 35·6 (12·3) | 34·4 (10·8) | 34·5 (11·1) | 40·1 (11·6) | 36 (11·8) | |
| Unemployment Rate, 16+ 2018 | <0·001 | ||||||
| Median (IQR) | 3·5 (3·2 - 4·0) | 3·5 (3·1 - 4·0) | 3·7 (3·4 - 4·2) | 3·7 (3·4 - 4·0) | 3·6 (3·3 - 4·0) | 3·6 (3·3 - 4·0) | |
| Mean (SD) | 3·6 (0·9) | 3·6 (0·9) | 3·9 (0·9) | 3·8 (1) | 3·6 (0·8) | 3·7 (0·9) | |
| Rural Location | <0·001 | ||||||
| Rural | 177 (0·7) | 159 (0·8) | 4 (0·3) | 6 (0·3) | 4 (0·3) | 4 (0·4) | |
| Urban | 1,966 (7·9) | 1,784 (9·3) | 41 (3·6) | 47 (2·4) | 32 (2·1) | 62 (6·7) | |
| Metropolitan | 22,607 (91·3) | 17,275 (89·9) | 1,100 (96·1) | 1,889 (97·3) | 1,487 (97·6) | 856 (92·8) | |
| SES data missing, % | 19 (0·1) | 14 (0·1) | 3 (0·3) | 0 (0·0) | 1 (0·1) | 1 (0·1) | |
1
Non-Hispanic Pacific Islander.
2
Outpatient includes Outpatient Physical Therapy, Speech Pathology, Ambulatory clinic, and Rural Health.
3
Socioeconomic status measures reported at census-tract level.