Table 4.

Results of generalized additive models of standardized daily counts (per 100,000) of suicide deaths by age group, race, sex, and urban/rural residence. Parameter estimates are given in differences in log counts.

Sex
A. parametric coefficients	Estimate	Std. Error	t-value	p		sig.
(Intercept)	-4.1496	0.0194	-213.7685	< 0.0001		***
COVID-19	-0.4247	0.5947	-0.7142	0.4751
Male	1.3547	0.0216	62.5917	< 0.0001		***
COVID-19:Male	0.1080	0.0829	1.3018	0.1930
B. smooth terms	edf	Ref.df	F-value	p-value		sig.
s(Date of death):Pre-COVID-19	2.9851	4.0000	15.6288	< 0.0001		***
s(Date of death):COVID-19	0.4242	4.0000	0.1842	0.1876
Age group
A. parametric coefficients	Estimate	Std. Error	t-value	p		sig.
(Intercept)	-3.0045	0.0157	-191.0820	< 0.0001		***
COVID-19	-0.7755	1.1872	-0.6532	0.513
Age over 0–17	-1.6399	0.0385	-42.6512	< 0.0001		***
Age over 65	-0.3796	0.0243	-15.6126	< 0.0001		***
COVID-19:Age over 0–17	-0.1880	0.1563	-1.2028	0.230
COVID-19:Age over 65	0.1852	0.0871	2.1251	0.034		**
B. smooth terms	edf	Ref.df	F-value	p-value		sig.
s(Date of death):Pre-COVID-19	3.0282	4.0000	16.7425	< 0.0001		***
s(Date of death):COVID-19	0.6659	4.0000	0.4984	0.0836
Black vs. white
A. parametric coefficients	Estimate	Std. Error	t-value	p		sig.
(Intercept)	-3.1550	0.0836	-37.7467	< 0.0001		***
COVID-19	-0.1241	0.3167	-0.3920	0.695
Black (vs. white)	-0.7047	0.1453	-4.8483	< 0.0001		***
COVID-19:Black (vs. white)	0.2475	0.5171	0.4788	0.6321
B. smooth terms	edf	Ref.df	F-value	p-value		sig.
s(Date of death):Pre-COVID-19	0.0000	4.0000	0.0000	0.4313
s(Date of death):COVID-19	0.0000	4.0000	0.0000	0.6884
Urban vs. rural residence
A. parametric coefficients	Estimate	Std. Error	t-value	p		sig.
(Intercept)	-3.0057	0.0194	-155.1202	< 0.0001		***
COVID-19	-0.5629	1.3045	-0.4315	0.6661
Urban	-0.3218	0.0295	-10.9115	< 0.0001		***
COVID-19:Urban	-0.123147	0.1064	-2.0176	0.0437		*
B. smooth terms	edf	Ref.df	F-value		p	sig.
s(Date of death):Pre-COVID-19	2.5583	4.0000	6.7215	< 0.0001		***
s(Date of death):COVID-19	0.6025	4.0000	0.3787	0.1128